Chemistry

Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure

1,420 Questions

This section tests your knowledge of chemical bonding, molecular structure, and hybridization. It covers ionic and covalent bonds, octet rule exceptions, and molecular geometry. These chemistry questions are common in various competitive entrance examinations.

Ionic and covalent bondsHybridisation of elementsOctet rule exceptionsMolecular geometryIntermolecular forces

Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure Questions

Multiple choice

Which of the following compounds contain(s) polar bonds only? A. NH4Cl, B. NH3,

C. HCN, D. H2O2

  1. Only A

  2. Only B

  3. A, B and C

  4. B, C and D

  5. A, C and D
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

NH4Cl: The N-H bond is polar due to electronegativity difference between N (3.0) and H (2.1).NH3. The N-H bond is polar due to electronegativity difference between N (3.0) and H (2.1). HCN: The H-C and C-N bonds are polar due to electronegativity difference between C (2.5) and N (3.0) for H-C bond as well as between C (2.5) and H (2.1) for C-N bond.

Multiple choice

Which of the following statements is correct about ionic compounds?

  1. Ionic bond is non directional.

  2. Ionic compounds do not conduct electricity in their molten state.

  3. Ionic compounds are highly soluble in non polar solvents.

  4. The rates of ionic reactions are very slow.

  5. Ionic compounds have very low melting and boiling points.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Generally, ionic compounds are very reactive.

Multiple choice

Which of the following conditions is not correct for the formation of a stable complex?

  1. The central metal cation should have small size.

  2. The central metal cation should have high nuclear charge.

  3. Combining ligands should have high value of the ionization enthalpy.

  4. Central metal atom or ion must have sufficient number of unfilled d-orbitals.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

For stable complex formation, ligands should have LOW ionization enthalpy (they need to easily donate electron pairs to form coordinate bonds). High ionization enthalpy would make it difficult for ligands to act as Lewis bases and donate electrons to the central metal ion.

Multiple choice

Which of the following types of isomerism is shown by the compounds which have same composition but liberate different ions in the solution?

  1. Hydration isomerism

  2. Ionisation isomerism

  3. Linkage isomerism

  4. Coordination isomerism
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Ionisation isomerism occurs when compounds have the same composition but give different ions in solution. This happens when the counter ion and ligand exchange places, changing which species dissociate into ions when dissolved.

Multiple choice

Which of the following statements is not true about a coordination compound?

  1. It consists of a central metal atom or ion surrounded by a group of atoms, ions or molecules.

  2. It is formed by the combination of the simple compounds which are otherwise capable of independent existence.

  3. It yields the original constituent components when dissolved in water.

  4. It has physical and chemical properties, different from the constituent compounds.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Coordination compounds are distinct entities that don't dissociate into original components in solution. They behave as single units with unique properties different from constituent simple compounds. Option C incorrectly suggests they dissociate like simple salts.

Multiple choice

Which of the following types of isomerism is shown by the compounds which contain both cationic and anionic species and it results from the random distribution of the ligands?

  1. Coordination isomerism.

  2. Electronic isomerism.

  3. Hydration isomerism.

  4. Ionisation isomerism.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Coordination isomerism occurs in compounds containing both cationic and anionic complex species where ligands can redistribute between the metal centers in cation and anion. This creates different isomers based on ligand distribution.

Multiple choice

How many bonds of oxygen are present in a water molecule?

  1. One

  2. Two

  3. Three

  4. Four
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

A water molecule (H2O) consists of one oxygen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms, forming two O-H bonds. The oxygen atom shares electrons with both hydrogen atoms, creating the characteristic bent molecular structure.