Cellular Respiration and Enzymes

Correct Answer: 2

Respiratory pathways are regulated through enzymes that catalyse individual steps of the pathway.

ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is considered by biologists to be the energy currency of life. It is a high-energy molecule that stores the energy.

In the first step of glycolysis, the glucose ring is phosphorylated. Phosphorylation is the process of adding a phosphate group to a molecule that is derived from ATP. As a result, at this point in glycolysis, one molecule of ATP is consumed.

Glycolysis is the first step in the breakdown of glucose for extracting energy for cellular metabolism. Most living organisms carry out glycolysis as a part of their metabolism. The process does not use oxygen and can also take place under anaerobic conditions. It occurs in cytoplasm.

The reaction catalysed by arginase enzyme is: Arginine + H₂O → Ornithine + Urea. It is the final enzyme of the urea cycle.

The dangerous consequences of rising levels of carbon dioxide in the Earth's atmosphere are well-documented, from destructive weather events and deadly health effects to its harmful impact on oceans, species migration, agriculture and national security.

The complete aerobic oxidation of glucose is coupled to the synthesis of as many as 38 molecules of ATP.

Pyruvate is the end product of glycolysis. It is converted to acetyl CoA by pyruvate dehydrogenase complex into acetyl CoA. This finally enters into Kreb's cycle.

Carbon dioxide is captured in a cycle of reactions known as Calvin cycle or Calvin-Benson cycle. It is also known as C₃ cycle.

Glycolysis is the breakdown of glucose by enzymes, releasing energy and pyruvic acid.

In the first step, oxaloacetate (4-C) is joined with acetyl CoA to form citric acid, which is a 6-carbon compound.

In the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP plus phosphate (Pi), ΔG°′ = -7.3 kcal/mol or -7300 cal/mol is produced.

The number of ATP molecules produced during aerobic and anaerobic respiration is 36 and 2 respectively.

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