Tag: respiration in organisms

Questions Related to respiration in organisms

Which two of the following changes (a-d) usually tend to occur in the plain dwellers when they move to high altitudes (3,500 m or more)?
(1)Increase in red blood cell size.
(2)Increase in red blood cell production.
(3)Increased breathing rate.
(4)Increase in thrombocyte count.

  1. 1 and 2

  2. 2 and 3

  3. 3 and 4

  4. 1 and 4


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The most significant limiting factor in high mountain regions is the lower air pressure, which makes it more difficult for oxygen to enter our vascular systems resulting into hypoxia. When we travel to high mountain areas, our bodies initially develop inefficient physiological responses. Then there is an increase in breathing and heart rate to as much as double, even while resting. Pulse rate and blood pressure go up sharply as our hearts pump harder to get more oxygen to the cells. These are stressful changes, especially for people with weak heart. Later, a more efficient response normally develops as acclimatization takes place. Additional red blood cells and capillaries are produced to carry more oxygen. The lungs increase in size to facilitate the osmosis of oxygen and carbon dioxide. There is also an increase in the vascular network of muscles which enhances the transfer of gases.

Respiratory rate in new born baby is

  1. Equal to an adult

  2. Less than an adult

  3. More than an adult

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Babies and children normally breathe faster than older children and adults. Newborn to 6 months: 30-60 breaths/min

6 to 12 months: 24-30 breaths/min
1 to 5 years: 20-30 breaths/min
6 to 12 years: 12-20 breaths/min

Respiratory system is derived from

  1. Ectoderm

  2. Endoderm

  3. Both A and B

  4. Endoderm and mesoderm


Correct Option: D
Explanation:
  • The respiratory system represents the organs that are involved in the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the organism and the environment.
  • In animals, a primary layer of cells is formed during embryogenesis, three in number and are differentiated as ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. The tissues produced by these layers give rise to the organs of the body. 
  • The respiratory tract with tracheae, bronchi, alveoli of the lungs is developed from the endoderm. The mesoderm forms the mesothelium from which lines the thoracic cavity and external intercostal muscles.
    Hence, the correct answer is D.

....... circulation is related with lungs.

  1. Coronary

  2. Biliary

  3. Pulmonary

  4. Renal


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The blood pumped by the right ventricle enters the pulmonary artery, whereas the left ventricle pumps blood into the aorta.The deoxygenated blood pumped into the pulmonary artery is passed onto the lungs from where the oxygenated blood is carried by the pulmonary veins into the left atrium. This pathway constitutes the pulmonary circulation. 

Mountain sickness is also called as

  1. Hill sickness.

  2. Altitude sickness.

  3. Elevation sickness.

  4. All of the above.


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Altitude sickness is also known as acute mountain sickness (AMS), altitude illness, hypobaropathy, "the altitude bends" or soroche is a pathological effect of high altitude on humans, caused by acute exposure to low partial pressure of oxygen at high altitude. It commonly occurs above 2,400 metres (8,000 feet). 

Therefore, the correct answer is option B.

The breathing center in the brain responds to changes in the 

  1. Oxygen concentration of the blood.

  2. Carbon dioxide concentration of the blood.

  3. Glucose in the mitochondria.

  4. Acetyl coenzyme A in the mitochondria.


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The breathing centre in the brain responds to changes in the carbon dioxide concentration of the blood.

The respiratory center (RC) is located in the medulla oblongata and pons, which are part of the brain stem. The RC receives controlling signals of neural, chemical and hormonal nature and controls the rate and depth of respiratory movements of the diaphragm and other respiratory muscles.

During respiration, there is 

  1. A gain in dry weight

  2. A loss in dry weight

  3. No change in weight

  4. All of the above depending on the type of respirable material


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Respiration is a process based on chemical reaction and takes place  in all living cells. In this process, energy is released from glucose, for the functioning of our cells. Sugars used as a substrate for respiration comes from the hydrolysis of starch which results in loss of dry matter. 

Therefore, the correct answer is option B.

Match and find the correct combination
a) Respiration in bacteria
b) Respiration in cyanobacteria
c) Respiration in eucaryotic cells
d) Mitochondria
e) Cytoplasmic membranef) Mesosomes

  1. a e, b f, c d

  2. a f, b e, c d

  3. a d, b f, c e

  4. a e, b d, c f


Correct Option: B

Which of the following statement(s) is (are) true about respiration?

  1. During inhalation, ribs move inward diaphragm is raised.

  2. In the alveoli, exchange of gases takes place i.e.oxygen from the alveolar air diffuses into blood and carbon dioxide from blood to the alveolar air.

  3. Alveoli increases surface area for exchange of gases.

  4. Both B and C.


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The main respiratory surface in humans is the alveoli, which are small air sacs branching off from the bronchioles in the lungs. They are one cell thick and provide a moist and extremely large surface area for gas exchange to occur. Capillaries carrying deoxygenated blood from the pulmonary artery run across the alveoli. Due to the enormous number of alveoli (approximately 300 million in each human lung), the surface area of the lung is very large (75 m2). Having such a large surface area increases the amount of gas that can diffuse into and out of the lungs.

All cells use oxygen to produce energy.

  1. True

  2. False


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Not all cells use oxygen to produce energy. Aerobic cells use oxygen to produce energy. Anaerobic organisms do not require oxygen to produce energy. They obtain energy from metabolism in absence of oxygen. For example, yeasts in absence of oxygen convert sugar into alcohol and produces energy. This energy is then utilized for their survival.

Thus, the correct answer is option B.