Biology

Cell Cycle and Chromosomes

1,219 Questions

Explore a curated list of questions covering the cell cycle, mitosis, and meiosis. Topics include DNA replication, chromosomal structures, and genetic disorders. This material is essential for students preparing for biology and general science competitive exams.

Cell cycle eventsDNA replicationMeiosis processChromosomal structuresGenetic disorders

Cell Cycle and Chromosomes Questions

Multiple choice biology division for growth and reproduction cell division in embryo development structure of chromosome, cell cycle and cell division component of the cell different types of reproduction reproductive health of humans need of family planning tissues of animals mitosis reproductive health

The stage of cell cycle when cell does not undergo differentiation is

  1. G$ _0$
  2. G$ _1$
  3. G$ _2$
  4. S$ _4$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The cell cycle mainly consists of 4 stages G$ _1$, S, G$ _2$, and M. The G$ _{0}$ phase also known as the extended G1 phase is a period in which the cell exits from the cell cycle. In this stage, the cell exists in a quiescent state and does not divide. Thus the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice biology division for growth and reproduction cell division in embryo development structure of chromosome, cell cycle and cell division component of the cell different types of reproduction reproductive health of humans need of family planning tissues of animals mitosis reproductive health

During cell cycle, RNA and protein synthesis takes place during which of the following phase?

  1. G$ _1$ and G$ _2$ phase

  2. S phase

  3. M phase

  4. Cytokinesis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

During the cell cycle, RNA and protein synthesis takes place during G$ _1$ and G$ _2$ phase. The cell cycle is an ordered set of events, culminating in cell growth and division into two daughter cells. Non-dividing cells not considered to be in the cell cycle. The stages are G$ _1$-S-G$ _2$-M.

So, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice biology division for growth and reproduction cell division in embryo development structure of chromosome, cell cycle and cell division component of the cell different types of reproduction reproductive health of humans need of family planning tissues of animals mitosis reproductive health

The sequence of cell cycle is

  1. S,M,G$ _{1}$, and G$ _{2}$
  2. G$ _{1}$,G$ _{2}$,S and M
  3. G$ _{1}$,S,$G _{2}$, and M
  4. M,G$ _{1},$,G$ _{2}$ and S
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
  • Cell enters cell cycle at G$ _1$ (First Gap) phase, where the cell grows larger, doubles organelles and synthesizes proteins, enzymes and all other biochemical molecules required for efficient completion of cell division.
  • Then cell enters S (synthesis) phase, where cell synthesizes a complete copy of the genomic DNA inside the nucleus. It also duplicates centrosome which is required for separation of DNA to opposite poles during mitosis.
  • Then cell enters the G$ _2$ (Second Gap) phase, where cell grows more and produces more proteins and organelles required for mitosis. Cell also reorganize its contents for mitosis to occur. G$ _2$ phase also acts as a checkpoint to ensure that the cell is ready for mitosis.
  • The end of G$ _2$ phase is the beginning of M (Mitosis) phase, where the real cell division occurs. The cell divides its doubled DNA and cytoplasmic contents to form two daughter cells.
So, the correct option is 'G$ _1$, S, G$ _2$and M'.
Multiple choice biology division for growth and reproduction cell division in embryo development structure of chromosome, cell cycle and cell division component of the cell different types of reproduction reproductive health of humans need of family planning tissues of animals mitosis reproductive health

The various phases of the cell cycle will be affected by limiting growth factors like

  1. Sufficient nucleotides

  2. Temperature

  3. Nutrients

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

G1 phase and the other subphases of the cell cycle may be affected by limiting growth factors such as nutrient supply, temperature, and room for growth. Sufficient nucleotides  and amino acids must be present in order to synthesize mRNA and proteins. Physiological temperatures are optimal for cell growth. In humans, the normal physiological temperature is around 37 C. Therefore, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice biology division for growth and reproduction cell division in embryo development structure of chromosome, cell cycle and cell division component of the cell different types of reproduction reproductive health of humans need of family planning tissues of animals mitosis reproductive health

Generation time represents period of 

  1. Cell cycle

  2. Interphase

  3. M-phase

  4. S-phase
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Generation time is defined as the total time taken by a cell to complete one full cell cycle, which includes interphase and the M-phase.

Multiple choice biology division for growth and reproduction cell division in embryo development structure of chromosome, cell cycle and cell division component of the cell different types of reproduction reproductive health of humans need of family planning tissues of animals mitosis reproductive health

The correct order of the various phases of eukaryotic cell cycle is ____________.

  1. G${ _1}$ to S to G${ _2}$ to M to cytokinesis
  2. G${ _1}$ to G${ _2}$ to M to S to mitosis
  3. G${ _1}$ to G${ _2}$ to S to M to karyokinesis
  4. S to G${ _1}$ to G${ _2}$ to M to cytokinesis
  5. G${ _2}$ to M to S to G${ _1}$ to cytokinesis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The eukaryotic cell cycle follows a specific sequence: G1 phase, followed by the S phase (DNA synthesis), then the G2 phase, and finally the M phase (mitosis), which concludes with cytokinesis.

Multiple choice biology division for growth and reproduction cell division in embryo development structure of chromosome, cell cycle and cell division component of the cell different types of reproduction reproductive health of humans need of family planning tissues of animals mitosis reproductive health

Identify, the correct sequence of the cell cycle events.
I. Nuclear membrane dissolves
II. Cell size increases
III. Two daughter cells form
IV. DNA replicates

  1. I, IV, II and III

  2. I, IV, III and II

  3. II, I, IV and III

  4. II, IV, I and III

  5. IV, II, III and I
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The cell cycle includes a series of events, that take place  in a cell which leads to the duplication of DNA and division of cells to form two daughter cells. This takes place in three different  periods and can be referred to as Interphase , Mitotic phase(M) and cytokinesis. While during the interphase or the initial phase, the cells grow in size and is ready for division, during the mitosis, the DNA starts duplicating, the nuclear membrane dissolves and the cells starts its division process to give rise to  two distinct daughter cells. Cytokinesis is the stage during which the two daughter cells are formed and separated.
So, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice biology division for growth and reproduction cell division in embryo development structure of chromosome, cell cycle and cell division component of the cell different types of reproduction reproductive health of humans need of family planning tissues of animals mitosis reproductive health

Mitotic cell cycle is divided typically into four phases, $G _1$, S, $G _2$ and M. Considering a mitotic cycle time of $18$ hours, the distribution of period of time(in hours) for each of these phase will be. $G _1$S$ _2$M.

  1. $1, 3, 5, 9$
  2. $9, 1, 3, 5$
  3. $9, 5, 3, 1$
  4. $3, 5, 9, 1$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

In a typical 18-hour mitotic cell cycle, the interphase phases (G1, S, G2) and M phase take up proportional durations, with G1 being the longest, followed by S, G2, and M being the shortest. The ratio corresponding to 9, 5, 3, 1 hours correctly totals 18 hours.

Multiple choice biology division for growth and reproduction cell division in embryo development structure of chromosome, cell cycle and cell division component of the cell different types of reproduction reproductive health of humans need of family planning tissues of animals mitosis reproductive health

Yeast complete cell cycle in _____________.

  1. 30 minutes

  2. 60 minutes

  3. 90 minutes

  4. 120 minutes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

One cell cycle of yeast is almost 90 minutes and a human cell takes almost 24 hours to divide by mitosis therefore by calculations it seems that a yeast can perform mitosis almost 16 times in the time of 1 division of a human cell.

Thus 90 is correct option. 

Multiple choice biology division for growth and reproduction cell division in embryo development structure of chromosome, cell cycle and cell division component of the cell different types of reproduction reproductive health of humans need of family planning tissues of animals mitosis reproductive health

Cdk which control progression through cell cycle check points are fully activated by.

  1. Binding to cyclin

  2. Phosphorylation by Cdk activating protein kinase

  3. Binding to cyclin, plus phosphorylation by Cdk activating protein kinase

  4. Phosphorylation by tyrosine kinase
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Through phosphorylation, Cdks signal the cell that it is ready to pass into the next stage of the cell cycle. As their name suggests, Cyclin-Dependent ProteinKinases are dependent on cyclins, another class of regulatory proteins. Cyclins bind to Cdks, activating the Cdks to phosphorylate other molecules.

So, the correct option is ‘binding to cyclin, plus, phosphorylation by Cdk activating protein kinases’.

Multiple choice biology division for growth and reproduction cell division in embryo development structure of chromosome, cell cycle and cell division component of the cell different types of reproduction reproductive health of humans need of family planning tissues of animals mitosis reproductive health

Which represents the correct sequence of stages in the cell cycle?

  1. $G _1$ ,$G _2$, S,M
  2. $G _1$, $G _2$,M,S
  3. $G _1$ ,M, $G _2$,S
  4. $G _1$ , S, $G _2$,M
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The cell progresses through defined phases of the cell cycle during its division.

first, the G1 in which some organelles starts their duplication then comes S phase where DNA has doubled then G2 phase and finally the M phase. 
So the correct sequence is 'G1,S,G2,M'.

Multiple choice biology division for growth and reproduction cell division in embryo development structure of chromosome, cell cycle and cell division component of the cell different types of reproduction reproductive health of humans need of family planning tissues of animals mitosis reproductive health

Of the total duration of cell cycle, the interphase lasts more than.

  1. $95$%
  2. $5$%
  3. $90$%
  4. $92$%
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Interphase is the longest part of the cell cycle, occupying approximately 90 to 95 percent of the total time in most actively dividing cells.

Multiple choice biology division for growth and reproduction cell division in embryo development structure of chromosome, cell cycle and cell division component of the cell different types of reproduction reproductive health of humans need of family planning tissues of animals mitosis reproductive health

The cell is not allowed to past the cell cycle restriction point, DNA damage is detected. Which of the following proteins are involved in detection of DNA damage and inhibition of cycle at the restriction point?

  1. Replication protein A (RPA)

  2. ATM (ataxia telangiectasia mutated ) protein

  3. Cyclin D

  4. PSS
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

A. Replication protein (RPA) - is the major protein that binds to single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) in eukaryotic cells. ... During DNA replication, RPA prevents single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) from winding back on itself or from forming secondary structures.

B. ATM (ataxia telangiectasia mutated ) protein

 It activates checkpoint signalling upon genotoxic stresses such as ionizing radiation (IR), ultraviolet light (UV), or DNA replication stalling, thereby acting as a DNA damage sensor.

C.Cyclin D - a member of the cyclin protein family that is involved in regulating cell cycle progression. 

D.PSS - an autoimmune disease of the connective tissue. It is characterized by thickening of the skin caused by the accumulation of collagen, and by injuries to small arteries.

So, the correct option is ‘Replication protein A (RPA)’.

Multiple choice biology division for growth and reproduction cell division in embryo development structure of chromosome, cell cycle and cell division component of the cell different types of reproduction reproductive health of humans need of family planning tissues of animals mitosis reproductive health

Select the correct option:

A cell cycle includes

  1. Interphase and M phase

  2. Prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase
  3. $G _1$, S and $G _2$ phases

  4. Karyokinesis and cytokinesis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The cell cycle starts from interphase . Interphase is the phase in the cell cycle that prepare a cell and its nucleus for division. It has three stages- $G _1,S $ and $G _2$.M- phase is the final phase of cell cycle..It represent the phase of actual division. It consists of karyokinesis (division of nucleus ) and cytokinesis (division of cell protoplast).

Multiple choice biology division for growth and reproduction cell division in embryo development structure of chromosome, cell cycle and cell division component of the cell different types of reproduction reproductive health of humans need of family planning tissues of animals mitosis reproductive health

Select the correct option:

Which one is the correct sequence of a cell cycle?

  1. $G _2 \rightarrow M \rightarrow G _1 \rightarrow S$
  2. $S \rightarrow G _2 \rightarrow M \rightarrow G _1$
  3. $G _1 \rightarrow S \rightarrow G _2 \rightarrow M$
  4. $M \rightarrow G _1 \rightarrow S \rightarrow G _2$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The cell cycle starts from interphase . Interphase is the phase in the cell cycle that prepare a cell and its nucleus for division. It has three stages- $G _1,S $ and $G _2$.M- phase is the final phase of cell cycle..It represent the phase of actual division. It consists of karyokinesis (division of nucleus ) and cytokinesis (division of cell protoplast).

So, the correct answer is 'G1→S→G2→M'.