Biology · Science General

Cell Biology and Structure

3,221 Questions

Cell biology focuses on the structure and function of cellular organelles. Key topics include cellular respiration, DNA inheritance, and energy production. These fundamental biology concepts are crucial for medical entrance and state service examinations.

Cell organelles functionsCellular respiration sitesDNA and ribosomesAnimal cell structurePlant cell components

Cell Biology and Structure Questions

Multiple choice

Which of the following is the wrong statement?

  1. ER is attached with nuclear membrane.

  2. The strength and rigidity of cell wall is due to cellulose.

  3. Enzymes found in lysosomes are hydrolytic enzymes.

  4. Steroidal hormone is synthesized by smooth ER.

  5. Aleuroplasts are protein storage plastids.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The strength and rigidity of cell wall is due to lignin.

Multiple choice

Consider the following statements regarding eukaryotic cells. Which of the following is/are incorrect?

  1. Transcription occurs in nucleus while translation takes place in cytoplasm.
  2. Nuclear DNA is circular while extranuclear DNA is linear.
  3. Endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi bodies are absent.

  1. 1 only

  2. 1 and 2 only

  3. 1 and 3 only

  4. 2 and 3 only

  5. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Nuclear DNA is linear while extranuclear DNA is circular in eukaryotic cells. Endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi bodies are present in eukaryotic cells.

Multiple choice

Which of the following are double membrane bounded cell organelles?

  1. Golgi complex, Vacuole, Nucleus

  2. Centriole, Vacuole, Chloroplast

  3. Nucleus, Mitochondria, Chloroplast

  4. Centrosome, Centriole, Nucleolus

  5. Mitochondria, Centrosome, Golgi complex
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Nucleus, Mitochondria, Chloroplasts: Cell components with double membranes

Multiple choice

In humans, the red blood cells __________.

  1. are secreted into the circulation as immature cells known as reticulocytes

  2. have life span of about 10 days

  3. depend on mitochondria for their ATP synthesis

  4. are formed by budding off megakaryocytes

  5. contain the respiratory pigment hemoglobin along with myoglobin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

It is the correct statement. Reticulocytes are young, anucleate, and red blood cells, which are released from bone marrow into the blood in increased numbers as a response to anemia.

Multiple choice

Which of the following chromosomes is found in the salivary gland cells of the fruitfly Drosophila?

  1. X chromosome

  2. Lampbrush chromosome

  3. Polytene chromosome

  4. Y chromosome
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

These are defined as the chromosomes which are found in the salivary gland cells of the fruitfly Drosophila. They are many times bigger than the normal chromosomes attaining a length of 2000 micro meters and are visible even under a compound microscope.

Multiple choice

Which among the following is found in the inner chloroplast membrane?

  1. Pyrenoids

  2. Chloroplast ribosomes

  3. Plastoglobuli

  4. Stroma

  5. Peripheral reticulum
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The protein-rich alkaline aqueous fluid within the inner chloroplast membrane and outside of the thylakoid space is called the stroma, which corresponds to the cytosol of the original cyanobacterium.  

Multiple choice

Which among the following is not among the functions of the cytoplasm of a cell?

  1. Cytoplasm provides support to the internal structures of the cell.

  2. Acts as a site for transcription.

  3. Anaerobic glycolysis and protein synthesis takes place in the cytoplasm.

  4. The enzymes in the cytosol break down large molecules, thereby helping the organelles to use them.

  5. It helps in the movement of the internal organelles.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Nucleus is a site for transcription in which messenger RNA (mRNA) are produced for protein synthesis.

Multiple choice

The stability of the cell is maintained by __________________.

  1. lysosomes

  2. cytoplasm

  3. chromosomes

  4. golgi bodies

  5. ribosomes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

They are the jelly types of organelles, which are present in the inner region of a cell. It plays a vital role in keeping a cell in a stable and keeps the cell organelles separate from each other.

Multiple choice

The cell organelle derived from the Golgi apparatus is _________________.

  1. acrosome

  2. centriole

  3. cilium

  4. glycosome

  5. glyoxysomes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The acrosome is an organelle that develops over the anterior half of the head in the spermatozoa (sperm cells) of many animals. It is a cap-like structure derived from the Golgi apparatus. Acrosome formation is completed during testicular maturation.