Biology ยท Science General

Cell Biology and Structure

3,062 Questions

Cell biology focuses on the structure and function of cellular organelles. Key topics include cellular respiration, DNA inheritance, and energy production. These fundamental biology concepts are crucial for medical entrance and state service examinations.

Cell organelles functionsCellular respiration sitesDNA and ribosomesAnimal cell structurePlant cell components

Cell Biology and Structure Questions

Multiple choice

Golgi complex plays no role in

  1. glycosylation of lipids and proteins

  2. synthesis of sphingolipids

  3. concentrating secretory proteins and packaging them by providing enveloping membrane

  4. metabolism of carbohydrates

  5. synthesis of proteoglycans
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Anaerobic metabolism takes place in the cytosol.

Multiple choice

Which of the following statements is correct?

  1. Cell wall is the outer most covering of the animal cell.

  2. Plasma membrane, nucleus and protoplasm are found in almost every cell.

  3. Cell membrane allows only selected materials to move in and out of the cell.

  4. Cell wall is living.

  5. Cell wall is selectively permeable.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

This is correct. Cell membrane or plasma membrane allows only selected materials to move in and out of the cell.

Multiple choice

Which of the following statements is/are incorrect about nucleus? a. The nucleus has a double layered covering called nuclear membrane. b. It contains chromatins and a nucleolus. c. Chromatin is formed of RNA, which is required for protein synthesis in the cytoplasm.

  1. Only a

  2. Only b

  3. Only c

  4. All of the above

  5. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

This statement is incorrect about nucleus. Nucleolus is formed of RNA, which is required for protein synthesis in the cytoplasm. Chromatin forms the chromosomes during cell division. Chromatin material is mainly formed of DNA. Genes are segments of DNA.

Multiple choice

Which of the following are the functions of Golgi apparatus? a. It packages and despatches the material synthesised in the cell to intracellular and extracellular targets. b. It is involved in the formation of lysosomes and peroxisomes. c. It is involved in the synthesis of substances such as polysaccharides and glycoproteins etc.

  1. Only a and b

  2. Only b and c

  3. Only a and c

  4. a, b and c

  5. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

This is the correct answer. The Golgi apparatus, or Golgi complex, functions as a factory in which proteins received from the ER are further processed and sorted for transport to their eventual destinations: lysosomes, the plasma membrane, or secretion. In addition, as noted earlier, glycolipids and sphingomyelin are synthesised within the Golgi. In plant cells, the Golgi apparatus further serves as the site at which the complex polysaccharides of the cell wall are synthesised. Thus, all these are the functions of Golgi apparatus.

Multiple choice

Which of the following statements is incorrect?

  1. Lysosomes are sometimes released outside the cell to break extracellular material.

  2. The membrane that bounds lysosomes protects the cell from autolysis.

  3. Lysosomes are present in all plant and animal cells.

  4. Lysosomes destroy any foreign material in the cell such as bacteria.

  5. Lysosomes are known as the suicide bags.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Lysosomes are not present in all plant cells. They are absent in yeast, fungi and green algae. They are also absent in RBCs. Thus, this statement is incorrect.

Multiple choice

Which of the following statements are incorrect? a. Plastids are present only in plant cells. b. Plastids are single membrane bounded. c. Plastids have separate cristae. d. Plastids hace extra nuclear DNA.

  1. a and b

  2. b and c

  3. c and d

  4. a and d

  5. a and c
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Both these statements are incorrect. Plastids are double membrane bounded. They do not have a cristae. The internal organisation of the plastids consists of numerous membrane layers embedded in a material called the stroma.

Multiple choice

Which of the following organelles has its own genetic material?

  1. Lysosomes

  2. Mitochondria

  3. Golgi Apparatus

  4. Vacuoles

  5. Ribosomes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

This is the correct answer. The main function of mitochondria in aerobic cells is the production of energy by synthesis of ATP. Mitochondria have their own genetic material and the facility to produce their own ribonucleic acids (RNAs) and proteins. Mitochondrial DNA carries genes necessary for the synthesis of many, but not all, mitochondrial proteins.

Multiple choice

Stroma is present in which of the following?

  1. Vacuoles

  2. Nucleus

  3. Cytoplasm

  4. Rough endoplasmic reticulum

  5. Leucoplast
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

The internal organisation of the plastids consists of numerous membrane layers embedded in a material called the stroma. Leucoplasts are primarily organelles in which materials such as starch, oils and protein granules are stored. Thus, this is the correct answer.

Multiple choice

Which of the following pairs is incorrect?

  1. Nucleus - control centre of the cell

  2. Golgi bodies - export firms of the cell

  3. Chloroplast - kitchen of the cell

  4. Mitochondria - internal transport system of the cell

  5. Lysosomes - suicide bags of the cell
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

This is incorrect. Mitochondria - powerhouse of the cell. Endoplsmic reticulum - internal transport system of the cell

Multiple choice

The _______ is the fluid content inside the plasma membrane.

  1. endoplasmic reticulum

  2. protoplasm

  3. lysosome

  4. mitochondrion

  5. cytoplasm
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

The cytoplasm is the fluid content inside the plasma membrane. It also contains many specialised cell organelles. Each of these organelles performs a specific function for the cell.