Biology · Science General

Cell Biology and Structure

3,221 Questions

Cell biology focuses on the structure and function of cellular organelles. Key topics include cellular respiration, DNA inheritance, and energy production. These fundamental biology concepts are crucial for medical entrance and state service examinations.

Cell organelles functionsCellular respiration sitesDNA and ribosomesAnimal cell structurePlant cell components

Cell Biology and Structure Questions

Multiple choice bio-chemistry cell biology cytoplasm the components in a cell component of the cell

The fluid in which organelles of the cell are suspended is called ___________.

  1. Cytosol

  2. Chromoplasm

  3. Chromoplast

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The cytoplasm is a fluid found in cells and the organelles suspended within. Cytoplasm is found in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. The fluid of cytoplasm is called cytosol.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry cell biology cytoplasm the components in a cell component of the cell

Cytoplasmic inheritance is due to

  1. Plastids

  2. Mitochondria

  3. Cytoplasmic particles

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
Extranuclear inheritance or cytoplasmic inheritance is the transmission of genes that occur outside the nucleus. It is found in most eukaryotes and is commonly known to occur in cytoplasmic organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts. Mitochondria with their mitochondrial DNA from the mother's egg cell are incorporated into the zygote and passed to daughter cells,

So, the correct answer is 'All the above'.
Multiple choice bio-chemistry cell biology cytoplasm the components in a cell component of the cell

.......... is the site for many biochemical reactions necessary to sustain life.

  1. Cytoplasm

  2. Ribosome

  3. Cell membrane

  4. Cell wall
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Ribosomes are cell organelles, which are present in free or in bound form. They are involved in the synthesis of proteins.  
The cell membrane is the outer covering of the cell, which protects the cell. It also supports the framework of the cell. 
The cell wall is a protective outer covering of the cell. It supports the contents of the cell and protects from pathogen attack and wear and tear. It is made of cellulose, lignin. 

Cytoplasm is a gel-like substance present in all cells. All of the cell organelles are suspended in the cytoplasm. Most of the cellular activities as metabolic pathways like glycolysis, key processes like cell division occur in the cytoplasm. Hence, it is the place, where life-sustaining biochemical reactions occur. Thus, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry cell biology cytoplasm the components in a cell component of the cell

Which one of the following is the carrier of cytoplasm male sterility factors in crop plants?

  1. Nuclear DNA

  2. RNA

  3. Chloroplast DNA

  4. Mitochondrial DNA
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Cytoplasmic male sterility in higher crop plants is primarily governed by mitochondrial genes located in the mitochondrial DNA. Mutations or interactions involving these organellar genomes cause pollen sterility.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry cell biology cytoplasm the components in a cell component of the cell

Plasmagel or gel part of cytosol in contact with plasmalemma is 

  1. Ectoplasm

  2. Hyaloplasm

  3. Hyalosome

  4. Both A and B
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
  • Cytoplasm refers to the living the material or the protoplast within a cell excluding the nucleus.
  • It is divided into two parts-  ectoplasm and endoplasm.
  • Ectoplasm- is the outer, non-granulated part of the cytoplasm. 
  • Endoplasm- is the inner granulated layer of the cytoplasm.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Ectoplasm'.
Multiple choice bio-chemistry cell biology cytoplasm the components in a cell component of the cell

Movement of .......... in cytoplasm is considered as a signalling activity for metabolic processes.

  1. Calcium ions

  2. Proteins

  3. Sodium ions

  4. Potassium ions
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Movement of calcium ions in and out of the cytoplasm is thought to be a signalling activity for metabolic processes. In plants, movements of the cytoplasm around vacuoles are known as cytoplasmic streaming. 

Multiple choice bio-chemistry cell biology cytoplasm the components in a cell component of the cell

Cytoplasm constitutes of about .......... percentage of water.

  1. 70

  2. 80

  3. 20

  4. 40
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Cytoplasm is the jelly-like fluid surrounded by the cell membrane and holds all the organelles. It is made up of eighty percent water and is usually clear and colourless. It helps in intracellular exchange of materials.

So, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry cell biology cytoplasm the components in a cell component of the cell

Animal cytoplasm is composed of 

  1. Proteins

  2. Salt

  3. Nucleotides

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Cytoplasm is the jelly-like fluid present in cells that hold organelles and surrounded by the cell membrane. In eukaryotes, the nucleus of a cell is separated from the cytoplasm by a double membrane, known as a nuclear membrane. The cytoplasm of the animal cell is made of proteins, carbohydrates, salts, sugars, amino acids and nucleotides. 

Multiple choice bio-chemistry cell biology cytoplasm the components in a cell component of the cell

Which one is an extracytoplasmic cell organelle?

  1. Vacuole

  2. E.R.

  3. Nucleus

  4. Golgi apparatus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
  • Cytoplasm refers to the living the material or the protoplast within a cell excluding the nucleus.
  • Therefore, extracytoplasmic cell organelle refers to those organelles outside to the cell cytoplasm.
  • A nucleus is the only cell organelle excluded from the cytoplasm.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Nucleus'.
Multiple choice bio-chemistry cell biology cytoplasm the components in a cell component of the cell

Protoplast excluding nucleus is called 

  1. Cytoplasm

  2. Endoplasm

  3. Ectoplasm

  4. Protoplasm
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
  • Protoplast refers to an entire cell including the cell membrane, cell organelles and the nucleus, excluding the cell wall (in plants and few algae).
  • Cytoplasm refers to the living the material or the protoplast within a cell excluding the nucleus.
  • So the correct answer is 'Cytoplasm'.
Multiple choice biology reproduction in living organisms regeneration asexual modes of reproduction reproduction in animals

Regeneration is carried out by specialized cells. 

  1. True

  2. False
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Regeneration is the process of renewal, restoration, and growth of cells which lead to the renewal of lost or damaged parts or cells. All the cells of the body do not take part in the regeneration rather the cells involved in regeneration are cells which have immense potential to divide and differentiate. In lizards, the cells of blastema actively takes part in the regeneration and it is capable of growth composed of pleuripotent cells which retains memory of tissue origin. So, the given statement is true.

Multiple choice biology reproduction in living organisms regeneration asexual modes of reproduction reproduction in animals

Which of the following growth factor helps to induce the regeneration of blood vessels?

  1. Fibroblast growth factor

  2. Epidermal growth factor

  3. Glial growth factor

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
  • Growth factors involved in regeneration phenomenon include Glial growth factor,  transferring, Epidermal growth factor, fibroblast growth factors.
  • Fibroblast Growth Factors (FGFs) are potent regulators of cell proliferation, differentiation, and function and are critically important in normal development, tissue maintenance, wound repair and angiogenesis. 
  • Fibroblast growth factor helps to induce the regeneration of blood vessels.
  • So, the correct answer is ' Fibroblast Growth Factors (FGFs) '.
Multiple choice biology reproduction in living organisms regeneration asexual modes of reproduction reproduction in animals

Regeneration of Hydra is

  1. Morphollaxis by interstitial cells

  2. Epimorphosis by interstitial cells

  3. Epimorphosis by archaeocytes

  4. Epimorphosis by glandular cells
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The reconstruction of an entire animal from a small fragment by reorganizing the existing cells is called Morphallaxis. The regenerated animal is far smaller than the original one after the completion of the process. It grows to attain the normal size. In Hydra, morphallaxis takes place by intestinal cells.

So, the correct option is ‘Morphollaxis by intestinal cells’.

Multiple choice evs respiration in organism human respiration the mechanism of breathing breathing and its movements
Select the wrong statement

  1. Oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvic acid requires the presence of enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase.

  2. All living cells whether aerobic or anaerobic, perform glycolysis.

  3. Cyanide does not stop chemiosmosis.
  4. Respiratory chain uses ${O} _{2}$ as final hydrogen acceptor.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Cyanide is an inhibitor of complex IV (in ETS) and other heme-containing enzymes of mitochondria. Thus, cyanide blocks ATP production in the cells.