Biology · Science General

Cell Biology and Structure

3,062 Questions

Cell biology focuses on the structure and function of cellular organelles. Key topics include cellular respiration, DNA inheritance, and energy production. These fundamental biology concepts are crucial for medical entrance and state service examinations.

Cell organelles functionsCellular respiration sitesDNA and ribosomesAnimal cell structurePlant cell components

Cell Biology and Structure Questions

Multiple choice botany plant tissues defense mechanism in plants epidermal tissue system permanent tissues and their types

Match the following and choose the correct option from below.

A. Cuticle (i) Guard cells
B. Bulliform cells (ii) Single layer
C. Stomata (iii) Waxy layer
D. Epidermis (iv) Empty colourless cell

  1. A-(iii), B-(iv), C-(i), D-(ii)

  2. A-(i), B-(ii), C-(iii), D-(iv)

  3. A-(iii), B-(ii), C-(iv), D-(i)

  4. A-(iii), B-(ii), C-(i), D-(iv)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

A. Cuticle: It is a fatty substance( cutin) deposited over the surface of epidermal cells in the form of a separate layer. Usually, the cuticle is covered with wax which may be deposited in the form of granules, rods, crusts or viscous semi-liquid masses.

B. Bulliform cells: They are thin-walled and contain big vacuoles filled with water. They play an important role in folding and unfolding of leaves.
C. Stomata: A typical stoma is microscopic and usually consists of two kidney-shaped guard cells surrounding a pore.
D. Epidermis: The epidermis of most of the plant is single-layered (uniseriate) but in some cases, it may be more than one layer thick (multiseriate).
So, the correct answer is 'A-(iii), B- (iv), C-(i), D-(ii)'.

Multiple choice botany bacteria bacteria - introduction, shape and structure bacteria: types and structure bacteria; benefits and harmful effects non cellular organism : virus world of virus

Hens egg is

  1. An organ

  2. A single cell

  3. A tissue

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Hens egg is a single cell structure inside the shell before the fertilization that can be seen by naked eyes. But after fertilization, the cells fused and divide into two cells inside the shell.

Hence, option B is correct.

Multiple choice botany the world of microbes bacteria - introduction, shape and structure bacteria: types and structure bacteria; benefits and harmful effects non cellular organism : virus world of virus

Membrane bound organelles are absent in 

  1. Plasmodium

  2. Saccharomyces

  3. Streptococcus

  4. Chlamydomonas
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Membrane bound organelles are absent in prokaryotes. As compared to a eukaryotic cell, the only comparable organelles present in prokaryotes are ribosomes which are naked nucleoprotein particles. Plasmodium is a unicellular eukaryotic organism which belongs to Kingdom Protista. Saccharomyces is also a unicellular eukaryotic organism which belongs to Kingdom Mycota or Fungi. Streptococcus is a unicellular prokaryotic organism which belongs to Kingdom Monera. Chlamydomonas is a unicellular eukaryotic organism, previously classified under Kingdom Plantae as Chlorophyceae but has now been moved to Kingdom Protista. Of the given options only Streptococcus is a prokaryotic organism. Hence, membrane bound cell organelles are missing in Streptococcus.

Multiple choice botany the world of microbes bacteria - introduction, shape and structure bacteria: types and structure bacteria; benefits and harmful effects non cellular organism : virus world of virus

In bacteria the site for respiratory activity is found in

  1. Episome

  2. Microsome

  3. Ribosome
  4. Cell membrane$/$ Mesosome
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

In bacteria the site for respiratory activity is found in mesosomes. Mesosomes are folded invaginations in the cell membrane of bacteria. They increases the surface area required for respiration. They contain respiratory enzymes. It is the site of respiratory activity.

Thus, the correct answer is 'Cell membrane/ Mesosome.'

Multiple choice botany the world of microbes bacteria - introduction, shape and structure bacteria: types and structure bacteria; benefits and harmful effects non cellular organism : virus world of virus

Which one of the following is absent in eukaryotes?

  1. Nucleolus

  2. Plastid

  3. Mesosome

  4. Ribosomes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
  • Mesosomes are absent in eukaryotes.
  • Mesosomes refers to the folded invaginations in the plasma membrane of prokaryotes or bacterial cells.
  • Its main function is to increase the surface area of the plasma membrane. 
  • When the surface area of the membrane is increased it helps to carry out the cellular respiration more efficiently.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Mesosome'.
Multiple choice botany the world of microbes bacteria - introduction, shape and structure bacteria: types and structure bacteria; benefits and harmful effects non cellular organism : virus world of virus

Which cell organelle is absent in anaerobic bacteria?

  1. Mitochondria

  2. Golgi body

  3. E.R.

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

An anaerobic organism or anaerobic bacteria is any organism that does not require oxygen for growth. It may react negatively or even die if oxygen is present. Mitochondria, Golgi body and ER are organelles of eukaryotic organisms. Since anaerobic bacteria is prokaryotic, they are absent in anaerobic bacteria.

Multiple choice biology control and co-ordination in plants and animals nervous system in animals structure of neuron structure and function of neuron

A nucleated differentiated cell that has lost the power to divide is

  1. Nerve cell

  2. Kidney cell

  3. Liver cell

  4. Leucocytes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
A nucleated differentiated cell that has lost the power to division are nerve cells. These are the cells of nervous system and carry electrical messages and signals throughout the body. They have lost their power to division because the existing ones can grow new connections by loosing the old ones and also these cells needs oxygen and nutrients and if it divides rapidly and get packed, it will become difficult to supply and hence will starve.
So, the correct answer is option A.
Multiple choice biology control and co-ordination in plants and animals nervous system in animals structure of neuron structure and function of neuron

Which cells do not form layer and remain structurally separate?

  1. Epithelial cells

  2. Muscle cells

  3. Nerve cells

  4. Gland cells
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
A. Epithelial cells form the lining of surface of body. These are present in the external and internal exposed parts of the body. These cells generally rest upon a non cellular supporting layer which is called the basement membrane.
B. Muscle cells are found in the muscles and these are responsible for the movement of the body and various parts. These cells are also called myocytes or sarcocytes.
C. Nerve cells or neurons are the longest cells of the body. These form the structural and functional unit of nervous system. These cells do not form any layer and structurally separate as each neuron has two functional and morphological groups i.e. dendrites and axons.
D. Gland cells are found in various glands of body and are associated with cellular secretion of various substances.
So, the correct answer is 'Nerve cells'.
Multiple choice biology plant and animal tissues nervous system in animals structure of neuron structure and function of neuron

What used to be described as Nissl granules in a nerve cell are now identified as?

  1. Cell metabolites

  2. Fat granules

  3. Ribosomes

  4. Mitochondria
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

A Nissl granule is a large granular body found in neurons. These granules are rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) with rosettes of free ribosomes and are the site of protein synthesis.

Multiple choice biology plant and animal tissues nervous system in animals structure of neuron structure and function of neuron

Nissl granules are found in 

  1. Liver cells

  2. Nerve cells

  3. Kidney

  4. Heart
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

A Nissl body is also known as Nissl or tigroid substance. It is a large granular body found in neurons. These granules are rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) with rosettes of free ribosomes and are the sites of protein synthesis.

Multiple choice biology plant and animal tissues nervous system in animals structure of neuron structure and function of neuron

Power of regeneration is lowest in 

  1. Brain cell

  2. Liver cell

  3. Bone cell

  4. Muscle cell
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The brain is an organ that serves as the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate and most invertebrate animals. In a typical human, the cerebral cortex is estimated to contain 15-33 billion neurons, each connected by synapses to several thousand other neurons. These  neurons communicate with one another by means of long protoplasmic fibers called axons, which carry trains of signal pulses called action potentials to distant parts of the brain or body targeting specific recipient cells. These brain cells are the only cells which do not have the ability to regenerate.

Therefore, the correct answer is option A.