Biology

Cardiovascular and Nervous System

981 Questions

Review the human cardiovascular system through these competitive exam practice questions. Key areas include heart valves, cardiac impulse pathways, and blood pressure regulation. A solid grasp of these fundamentals is crucial for science sections.

Heart anatomy and valvesCardiac impulse conductionBlood pressure mechanicsHeartbeat regulation

Cardiovascular and Nervous System Questions

Multiple choice biology transport in mammals regulation of the activity of heart drug, tobacco and alcohol consumption community health and hygiene

Heart beat is accelerated by

  1. Sympathetic nerves and acetylcholine

  2. Cranial nerves and adrenaline

  3. Cranial nerves and acetylcholine

  4. Sympathetic nerves and epinephrine.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Sympathetic nerves release norepinephrine and stimulate the adrenal medulla to release epinephrine, both of which accelerate the heart rate. Acetylcholine is a parasympathetic neurotransmitter that slows the heart rate.

Multiple choice biology transport in mammals regulation of the activity of heart drug, tobacco and alcohol consumption community health and hygiene

Which term does not apply to human heart?

  1. Neurogenic

  2. Pacemaker

  3. Few chambered

  4. Mitral valve
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
A neurogenic heart is the one in which impulses are originated by nerves. This type of heart is present in cockroach and some invertebrates. Human heart is myogenic which means that impulses are originated by muscles. 
The SA node in human heart is called pacemaker as it initiates and maintains the rhythmic contraction of heart. 
Human heart is four chambered consisting of 2 auricles and 2 ventricles. 
Mitral valve is also known as bicuspid valve and present between left atrium and left ventricle. 
Hence, neurogenic heart does not apply to human heart.
So, the correct answer is 'Neurogenic'.
Multiple choice biology transport in mammals regulation of the activity of heart drug, tobacco and alcohol consumption community health and hygiene

Regarding circulatory adjustments during exercise which of the following is correct?

  1. The cardiac output increases more than tenfold in severe exercise.

  2. The increase in cardiac output during exercise is mainly due to an increase in stroke volume.

  3. The increase in stroke volume seen in exercise occurs despite a smaller and end - diastolic volume.

  4. In sever exercise the mean arterial pressure is unchanged because diastolic pressure.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Cardiac output is the product of heart rate and stroke volume. During exercise, both increase significantly to meet oxygen demand, with the increase in stroke volume being a primary contributor to the rise in cardiac output.

Multiple choice biology transport in mammals regulation of the activity of heart drug, tobacco and alcohol consumption community health and hygiene

Read the following statements and select the correct ones.


(i) Nodal tissue is specialised cardiac musculature in human heart which has the ability to generate action potential.
(ii) Position of SA Node - right corner of right atrium
(iii) Position of AV Node - right corner of ventricle
(iv) AV bundle continues from AV Node
(v) Purkinje fibres are modified cardiac muscle fibres that originate from the atrioventricular node and spread into the two ventricles.

  1. (i) and (ii)

  2. (i), (ii) and (iv)

  3. (ii), (iv) and (v)

  4. All of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Multiple choice biology transport in mammals regulation of the activity of heart drug, tobacco and alcohol consumption community health and hygiene

Consider the following four statements (i) - (iv) and select the correct option.
(i) Fish heart contains only oxygenated blood.
(ii)Closure of A-V valves produces the second heart sound.
(iii) The vascular connection between the digestive tract and kidney is called hepatic portal system.
(iv) Purkinje fibres are nerve fibres present in the heart wall.

  1. i - F, ii - F, iii - T, iv - F

  2. i - F, ii - F, iii - F, iv - T

  3. i - T, ii - T, iii - F, iv - T

  4. i - T, ii - F, iii - T, iv - F
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

  • The fish heart contains both oxygenate and deoxygenated blood as it has one atrium and one ventricle.
  • Closure of A-V valves produces the first heart sound.
  • The vascular connection between the digestive tract and the liver is called the hepatic portal system.
  • Purkinje fibres are nerve fibres present in the heart wall.
Thus, the correct answer is 'i - F, ii - F, iii - F, iv - T.'

Multiple choice biology transport in mammals regulation of the activity of heart drug, tobacco and alcohol consumption community health and hygiene

Which of the following statements is correct regarding neural regulation of cardiac activity?

  1. The cardiac centre lies in medulla oblongata of brain.

  2. Sympathetic nerve fibres accelerate the rate of heart beat and parasympathetic nerve fibres retard the rate of heart beat.

  3. Sensory fibres extend from the receptors present in the walls of aortic arch, carotid sinuses and vena cava to the cardiovascular centre in medulla oblongata.

  4. All of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

  • The medulla oblongata of the brain controls cardiac activities.
  • The action of sympathetic nerve fibres increases the heart rate, while that of the parasympathetic nerve fibres decrease it.
  • Sensory fibres extend from the receptors present in the walls of the aortic arch, carotid sinuses and vena cava to the cardiovascular centre in the medulla oblongata.
Thus, the correct answer is 'All of these.'

Multiple choice biology transport in mammals regulation of the activity of heart drug, tobacco and alcohol consumption community health and hygiene

The problem of electrical discontinuity caused in the normal heart by the connective tissue separating the atria from the ventricles is solved by

  1. Coordinating electrical activity in the atria with electrical activity in the ventricles by connecting them via the bundle of His

  2. Having the A-V node function as a secondary pacemaker

  3. Having an ectopic pacemaker

  4. Coordinating electrical activity in the atria with electrical activity in the ventricles by connecting them via the vagus nerve.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Multiple choice biology transport in mammals regulation of the activity of heart drug, tobacco and alcohol consumption community health and hygiene

Cardiac activity could be moderated by the autonomous neural system. Tick the correct answer.

  1. The parasympathetic system stimulates heart rate and stroke volume.

  2. The sympathetic system stimulates heart rate and stroke volume.

  3. The parasympathetic system decreases the heart rate but increase stroke volume.

  4. The sympathetic system decreases the heart rate but increase stroke volume.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Cardiac activity could be moderated by the autonomous neural system. The action of sympathetic nerve fibres increases the heart rate and the stroke volume, while that of the parasympathetic nerve fibres decrease these.

Thus, the correct answer is 'The sympathetic system stimulates heart rate and stroke volume.'

Multiple choice biology transport in mammals regulation of the activity of heart drug, tobacco and alcohol consumption community health and hygiene

Electric potential of various parts of brain is recorded by an instrument called as

  1. Sphygmomanometer

  2. Electrocardiography

  3. Electroencephalography

  4. CT Scan
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

An electroencephalogram (EEG) is a test that detects electrical activity in the brain using small, flat metal discs (electrodes) attached to scalp. 

Multiple choice biology transport in mammals regulation of the activity of heart drug, tobacco and alcohol consumption community health and hygiene

An ECG shows the functioning of the 

  1. Brain

  2. Heart

  3. Lungs

  4. kidneys
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

A permanent record of the electric events occurring during a cardiac cycle made on a graph paper in a wave form called electrocardiogram. The electric events include depolarization and repolarization of the auricles and ventricles bringing about their contraction and relaxation. The instrument used to record hearts electric event is named electrocardiograph.

Multiple choice biology life processes: control and coordination nervous system in animals structure of neuron structure and function of neuron

You are watching a horror movie and you notice your heart is beating fast and mouth is dry; it is because

  1. Fight and flight response

  2. Autonomic nervous system

  3. Sympathetic nervous system

  4. Both A and C

  5. Release of acetylcholine
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
You are watching a horror movie and you notice your heart is beating fast and mouth is dry; it is because of fight and flight response and sympathetic nervous system.
Fight and flight response is acute stress response.
The fight-or-flight response occurs in response to a perceived harmful event, attack, or threat to survival. The sympathetic nervous system originates in the spinal cord and its main function is to activate the physiological changes that occur during the fight-or-flight response. This component of the autonomic nervous system utilizes and activates the release of norepinephrine in the reaction.
The physiological changes that occur during the fight or flight response are activated in order to give the body increased strength and speed in anticipation of fighting or running. Some of the specific physiological changes and their functions include:
Increased blood flow to the muscles activated by diverting blood flow from other parts of the body.
Increased blood pressure, heart rate, blood sugars, and fats in order to supply the body with extra energy.
The blood clotting function of the body speeds up in order to prevent excessive blood loss in the event of an injury sustained during the response.
Increased muscle tension in order to provide the body with extra speed and strength.
Multiple choice

What is the difference between a pacemaker and an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD)?

  1. A pacemaker regulates the heart rate, while an ICD shocks the heart back into a normal rhythm.

  2. A pacemaker is implanted in the chest, while an ICD is implanted in the abdomen.

  3. A pacemaker is used to treat bradycardia, while an ICD is used to treat tachycardia.

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

A pacemaker regulates the heart rate, while an ICD shocks the heart back into a normal rhythm. A pacemaker is implanted in the chest, while an ICD is implanted in the abdomen. A pacemaker is used to treat bradycardia, while an ICD is used to treat tachycardia.

Multiple choice

What is the recommended heart rate zone for men during moderate-intensity aerobic exercise?

  1. 50-60% of maximum heart rate

  2. 60-70% of maximum heart rate

  3. 70-80% of maximum heart rate

  4. 80-90% of maximum heart rate
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

For moderate-intensity aerobic exercise, the recommended heart rate zone for men is typically between 60-70% of their maximum heart rate.

Multiple choice

What is the term for the condition in which the heart muscle becomes enlarged and weakened, making it difficult for the heart to pump blood effectively?

  1. Heart Failure

  2. Stroke

  3. Arrhythmia

  4. Hypertension
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Heart Failure occurs when the heart muscle becomes enlarged and weakened, making it difficult for the heart to pump blood effectively.