Biology

Cardiovascular and Nervous System

981 Questions

Review the human cardiovascular system through these competitive exam practice questions. Key areas include heart valves, cardiac impulse pathways, and blood pressure regulation. A solid grasp of these fundamentals is crucial for science sections.

Heart anatomy and valvesCardiac impulse conductionBlood pressure mechanicsHeartbeat regulation

Cardiovascular and Nervous System Questions

Multiple choice

Which of the following statements is/are false?

a. Hypertension is caused due to deposits of calcium, fat, cholesterol and fibrous tissues, that makes the lumen of arteries narrower. b. Parasympathetic neural signals decrease the rate of heartbeat. c. The depolarisation of atria leads to the contraction of both the atria.

  1. Only a

  2. Only a and b

  3. Only b

  4. Only b and c

  5. Only c
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

This is the correct option as this statement is false. The depolarisation of atria leads to the contraction of both the atria.

Multiple choice

How many chambers are present in a Piscean heart?

  1. 1

  2. 2

  3. 3

  4. 4
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The number of chambers in the heart depends on the complexity of the body organization. For example, mammals are more complex and therefore, they possess maximum number of chambers in the heart  (four-chambered heart) and fishes have less complex body organization than mammals, so they possess less number of chambers in the heart than found in case of mammals. Piscean - These are fishes. They are exclusively water animals. Their skin is covered with scales/plates. They obtain oxygen dissolved in water by using gills. They are cold-blooded and have two-chambered heart.  

Multiple choice

Which part of our body beats 70 - 72 times per minute?

  1. Brain

  2. Heart

  3. Lungs

  4. Stomach

  5. Kidney
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Heart beat is the average number of heart beats per minute, a heart beat is when the heart contracts to pump blood through your system.  It is approximate 70 - 72 times per minute.

Multiple choice

Which of the following statement is not true for heart?

  1. It is surrounded by pericardium containing fluid.

  2. It is made up of specialized muscles.

  3. The two lower chambers are called ventricles which pump blood away from heart.

  4. The two upper chambers are called atria which have thick walls.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Atria have thin walls while ventricles have thick walls.

Multiple choice

Mr. Ved died because of congestive heart failure. Which of the following characterises congestive heart failure?

  1. Any peripheral edema is typically not pitting edema.

  2. A lowered jugular venous pulse pressure is often present.

  3. Plasma levels of angiotensin II are usually low.

  4. A fundamental problem is excess sodium excretion by the kidney.

  5. Diuretics can be useful in treatment.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

Diuretics are useful in the treatment. They act by increasing sodium excretion by the kidney. The commonly used diuretics are loop diuretics, such as furosemide and the thiazide diuretics.

Multiple choice

Which of the following statements is correct regarding the conduction system of human heart?

  1. Between action potentials, the cells of the SA node have a steady resting potential.

  2. The cardiac action potential reaches both the atrium with the help of Purkinje fibers.

  3. The Purkinje fibers are particularised cardiac myocytes conjoined by gap unions.

  4. The diffusion of cardiac excitation accelerates at the AV node.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

This is the correct statement. In ventricles, the specialised conducting cells are the bundle cells and the Purkinje fibers, which transmit their action potentials to the ventricular myocytes via gap junctions.

Multiple choice

Which of the following statements is correct regarding the normal heart sound in a healthy person?

  1. The first heart sound, i.e. lub corresponds to the closure of mitral and tricuspid valves.

  2. The first heart sound, i.e. lub occurs just before the R wave of the ECG.

  3. The first heart sound, i.e. lub splits into two components during inspiration.

  4. The second heart sound i.e .dub occurs during the T-wave.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Since the first heart sound (lub) is caused by closure of the atrio-ventricular valves, it must occur after the onset of ventricular contraction, which follows the R wave.

Multiple choice

The cardiac output

  1. increases by the hormone aldosterone released from the adrenal medulla

  2. increases by stimulation of the vagus nerve

  3. is calculated as the ratio of oxygen consumption and the difference in PO2 of the venous and arterial blood

  4. is mainly actuated by the end-diastolic volume of the blood
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Cardiac output is the volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute. It is mainly determined by the end-diastolic volume of the blood.

Multiple choice

During the cardiac cycle of a normal healthy adult, which of the following events takes place?

  1. During ventricular diastole, the pressure in the left ventricle of heart reaches upto the maximum value of 80 mm Hg.

  2. During ventricular systole, the pressure in the left ventricle of heart reaches up to a maximum value of about 120 mm Hg.

  3. The increase in the rate of pressure is determined by excitation-contraction coupling.

  4. During ventricular systole, the total blood present in the ventricles is ejected.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

It is just the reverse statement. During the time period between the closure of the AV valves and the opening of the aortic and pulmonic valves, ventricular pressure rises rapidly without a change in ventricular volume. Thus, no ejection of blood occurs.