Chemistry · General Awareness

Carbon and Fossil Fuels

1,898 Questions

Review fundamental concepts regarding carbon compounds, coal distillation, and fossil fuel formation. This segment covers the chemical properties and industrial applications of natural gas and crude oil. Practicing these questions will strengthen your chemistry foundation for general science sections.

Coal distillationPetroleum formationProperties of crude oilNatural gas applications

Carbon and Fossil Fuels Questions

Multiple choice chemistry energy rocks and minerals petroleum and natural gas fossil fuels

Which is the most common type of octane rating worldwide?

  1. MON

  2. RON

  3. AKI

  4. Aviation gasoline octane rating
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Octane number can be determined by RON, MON and AKI.The most common method used for the measurement is RON. 

RON is determined by running the fuel in a test engine and comparing the results with those for mixtures of isooctane and $n$- heptane. 

Multiple choice chemistry energy rocks and minerals petroleum and natural gas fossil fuels

The fresh catalyst in catalytic reforming of petroleum is _______ prior to use.

  1. amalgamated

  2. brominated

  3. chlorinated

  4. oxygenated
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

In catalytic reforming process; high octane number reformate is formed which is the main component of the motor, fuel, aviation gasoline or aromatic rich feedstock. The noble metals platinum and rhenium are the catalysts used on a silica or silica-alumina support base. Fresh catalyst is chlorinated prior to use.

Multiple choice chemistry energy rocks and minerals petroleum and natural gas fossil fuels

Hydrogenolysis reaction produces:

  1. heavy hydrocarbons

  2. light hydrocarbons

  3. only methane

  4. only butane
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Hydrogenolysis is a reaction where hydrogen is added to a compound and breaks that compound’s bonds, forming two molecules. This results in the formation of lighter hydrocarbons.

Multiple choice chemistry energy rocks and minerals petroleum and natural gas fossil fuels

Reformates are:

  1. high octane liquids

  2. low octane liquids

  3. mixture of high octane and low octane liquids

  4. none
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Catalytic reforming is a chemical process that is used to convert petroleum refinery naphthas, typically those which are having lower octane ratings into high octane liquid products which are termed as reformates. They are the components of high octane gasoline.

Multiple choice chemistry energy rocks and minerals petroleum and natural gas fossil fuels

The hydrocarbons present in diesel are from:

  1. $C _{15}\ to\ C _{18}$
  2. $C _{25}\ to\ C _{38}$
  3. $C _{35}\ to\ C _{58}$
  4. $C _{55}\ to\ C _{68}$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Hydrocarbons present in

Gasoline $\Rightarrow C _3-C _{12}$
Napthalene $\Rightarrow C _8-C _{12}$
Kerosene/Jet fuels $\Rightarrow C _{11}-C _{14}$
Diesel & fuel oils $\Rightarrow C _{15}-C _{18}$
The hydrocarbons present in diesel are $C _{15}-C _{18}$.

Multiple choice chemistry energy rocks and minerals petroleum and natural gas fossil fuels

Synthetic petrol and kerosine can be made form coal by passing one of the following gases under heat and pressure over-coal.

  1. Nitrogen

  2. Hydrogen

  3. Oxygen

  4. Carbon dioxide
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

When coal is passed through hydrogen under heat and pressure it produces synthetic petrol and kerosene which is used for household fuel.

Multiple choice chemistry energy rocks and minerals petroleum and natural gas fossil fuels

Quality of a diesel is measured in terms of its?

  1. Cetane number

  2. Octane number

  3. Gold number

  4. Avogadro number
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

A cetane number is the measure of the quality of the diesel . Higher cetane number indicates that the fuel ignites more readily when sprayed over hot compressed air.

Multiple choice chemistry energy rocks and minerals petroleum and natural gas fossil fuels

Which of the following is present in the heavy oil obtained during petroleum distillation ?

  1. Gas oil

  2. Fuel oil

  3. Diesel oil

  4. All of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The following fuels are present in the heavy oil obtained during petroleum distillation 1. Gas oil  2.Fuel oil and Diesel oil.

So all the given options are correct.

Hence option D is correct.

Multiple choice chemistry energy rocks and minerals petroleum and natural gas fossil fuels

Complete removal of ______ from gasoline is done by Unisol process using caustic soda and methyl alcohol. 

  1. asphalt

  2. mercaptans

  3. diolefins

  4. waxes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Unisol process is a regenerative method for not only extracting or removing mercaptans but also some of the nitrogen compounds. In this process first gasoline is washed counter-currently with aqueous caustic methanol solution. The spent caustic is regenerated in a stripping tower where the methanol, water and mercaptans are extracted.

Multiple choice evs - i rules are for everyone biofuels making biofuels technological and industrial development sustainability of natural resources adaptations - mangrove swamps, fast flowing rivers and treetops halophiles

Fossil fuels have been formed by a

  1. Conventional process

  2. Natural process

  3. Non-conventional process

  4. All the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Fossil fuels are non renewable conventional energy resources found inside earth's crust, where they have been formed through heat and compression on forests and other organic matter buried underneath due to earthquakes, landslides etc.