Biology · Chemistry

Carbohydrates and Biomolecules

1,073 Questions

Carbohydrates and biomolecules questions test your understanding of sugars, monosaccharides, and metabolic substrates. The topic covers food transportation in plants and the biochemical properties of sweeteners. Practicing these questions builds a strong foundation for exam preparation.

Disaccharides and monosaccharidesArtificial sweetenersGlycogen storagePlant food transportGlycoprotein hormones

Carbohydrates and Biomolecules Questions

Multiple choice

Match the column - I (polysaccharides) with column – II (their linkages).

 
Column – I Column – II
A. Chitosan 1. Linear polymer of β(1 → 3) and β(1 → 6) linked glucose units in the ratio 11 : 1
B. Curdlan 2. Consists of β-(1, 3)-linked glucose residues
C. Chrysolaminarin 3. Composed of randomly distributed β-(1 - 4)-linked D-glucosamine and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine

  1. A - 1, B - 2, C - 3

  2. A - 1, B - 3, C - 2

  3. A - 2, B - 1, C - 3

  4. A - 2, B - 3, C - 1

  5. A - 3, B - 2, C - 1
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

This option is correct because all polysaccharides are correctly matched with their linkages. Chitosan is composed of randomly distributed β-(1 - 4)-linked D-glucosamine and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. Curdlan consists of β-(1, 3)-linked glucose residues. Chrysolaminarin is a linear polymer of β(1 → 3) and β(1 → 6) linked glucose units in the ratio 11 : 1.

Multiple choice

Match column - I (polysaccharides) with column - II (their descriptions).

 
Column - I Column - II
A. Amylose 1. Group of low-molecular-weight carbohydrates which have D-glucose units linked by α-(1 → 4) or α-(1 → 6) glycosidic linkage
B. Dextrins 2. Sugar molecules bound together in a ring made up of α-D-glucopyranoside units linked by 1 → 4 linkage
C. Cyclodextrin 3. Helical polymer made of α-D-glucose units linked through α(1 → 4) glycosidic bonds

  1. A - 1, B - 2, C - 3

  2. A - 3, B - 1, C - 2

  3. A - 2, B - 3, C - 1

  4. A - 2, B - 1, C - 3

  5. A - 3, B - 2, C - 1
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Correct answer. Amylose is a helical polymer that is made of α-D-glucose units linked through α(1→4) glycosidic bonds. Dextrins are a group of low-molecular-weight carbohydrates that have D-glucose units linked by α-(1→4) or α-(1→6) glycosidic linkage. Cyclodextrin is a sugar molecule bound together in a ring made up of α-D-glucopyranoside units linked by 1→4 linkage.  

Multiple choice

Assertion (A): By using fungal α-amylase, glucose syrups containing extra-high-maltose syrup are produced. Reason (R): It is less sweet than high fructose corn syrup and contains little amount of fructose.

  1. A and R both are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.

  2. A and R both are correct and R is not the correct explanation of A.

  3. A is correct and R is incorrect.

  4. A is incorrect and R is correct.

  5. A and R both are incorrect.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

This option is correct. By using fungal α-amylase, glucose syrups containing extra-high-maltose syrup are produced. It is less sweet than high fructose corn syrup.

Multiple choice

Which of the following statements is/are correct about high-fructose corn syrup?

P. It is a corn starch that has been developed by fructose isomerase to convert some of its galactose into fructose. Q. It is used mostly in soft drinks because its relative sweetness is 2000. R. It contains reactive dicarbonyl compounds that are created during the processing steps.

  1. Only P

  2. Only Q

  3. Only R

  4. Only P and Q

  5. Only Q and R
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

This option is correct. HFCS contains reactive dicarbonyl compounds that are created during the processing steps.

Multiple choice

Assertion (A): Waxy maize starch is the prime starting material for the production of maltodextrins. Reason (R): It improves water solubility, greater solution stability and clarity after drying.

  1. A and R both are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.

  2. A and R both are correct and R is not the correct explanation of A.

  3. A is correct and R is incorrect.

  4. A is incorrect and R is correct.

  5. A and R both are incorrect.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Waxy maize starch is the prime starting material for the production of maltodextrins because of improved water solubility, greater solution stability and clarity after drying. Thus, this option is correct.

Multiple choice

Which of the following statements is/are false?

A. Waxy corn contains 100% amylopectin. B. Modified waxycorn starches are used for the improvement of uniformity, stability and texture in various food products. C. Waxy cornstarch is relatively hard to gelatinise and produces an unclear viscous paste with a blent surface.

  1. Only A

  2. Only B

  3. Only C

  4. Only A and B

  5. Only B and C
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

This option is correct. Waxy corn starch is relatively easy to gelatinise and produces a clear viscous paste with a sticky surface.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is/are internally cross-linked sodium carboxymethylcellulose(s) and is/are used as superdiasintegrant(s) in pharmaceutical formulations?

  1. Croscarmellose sodium
  2. Sodium cellulose phosphate
  3. Fique

  1. Only 1

  2. Only 2

  3. Only 3

  4. Only 1 and 2

  5. Only 1 and 3
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

This option is correct. Croscarmellose sodium is an internally cross-linked sodium carboxymethylcellulose and is used as a superdiasintegrant in pharmaceutical formulations.

Multiple choice

Dextrin is a

  1. Monosaccharide

  2. Disaccharide

  3. Polysaccharide

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Dextrin is polysaccharide formed as intermediate product in the hydrolysis of starch (e.g., to maltose by amylases)

Multiple choice

Plant cell wall is composed of an important substance known as ___________.

  1. cellulose

  2. ATP

  3. DNA

  4. chitin

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The most important features distinguishing the cells of plants from those of animals is the presence of cell wall in plants. This wall protects the cellular contents. A plant's cell wall is composed of several compounds among which cellulose is the most important. Cellulose is made up of molecules of the sugar glucose. Cellulose molecules are united into fibrils (layers of fibres), which form the structural framework of the wall. Other components of cell walls are lignin (provide rigidity) and waxes (reduce water loss from cells).