Carbohydrates and Biomolecules

They are also a class of storage homo-poly-saccharides of branched linear chains of D-glucose, but the sub-units in these are linked by a, 1-6 instead of a, 1-4 glycosidic bonds. These are secreted as sugary slimes by yeast and certain bacteria. Bacteria growing on surfaces of our teeth produce dextran which becomes important component of dental plaques or patches.

This is the main storage poly-saccharide in animals. Hence, it is commonly called animal starch. Blue-green algae and fungi can also store glycogen as fuel reserve. Like those of amylopectin, glycogen molecules are also large and highly branched (branch points are a, 1—6)polymers of thousands of D-glucose residues linked by a, 1-4 glycosidic bonds .

This is the main storage poly-saccharide in animals. Hence, it is commonly called animal starch. Blue-green algae and fungi store glycogen as fuel reserve. Like those of amylopectin, glycogen molecules are also large and highly branched (branch points are a, 1—6 linkages) polymers of thousands of D-glucose residues linked by a, 1-4 glycosidic bonds . In comparison to amylopectin molecules, however, glycogen molecules are much larger, more extensively branched and more compactly coiled concentrically. Vertebrate animals store glycogen in liver and skeletal muscles. Stored glycogen may respectively account for upto 10% and 2% of liver and muscles by weight in man and other animals. Thus, a total of about 400 grams of glycogen (about 100 gm in liver and about 300 gm in skeletal muscles) is normally found in the body of an average adult human being. In liver cells, the glycogen is found in large, flattened and ellipsoidal grains. Each grain is a cluster of small granules and each granule is a single, compact glycogen molecule. Like amylopectin, glycogen gives a red-violet colour when treated with iodine. To be used in cells for energy, it is broken down by hydrolysis into its glucose monomers (glycogenolysis), but only liver cells release this glucose into the blood for utilization by all body cells. Glycogen stored in muscle cells is utilized only by these cells themselves.

Dextrans are also a class of storage homo-poly-saccharides of branched linear chains of D-glucose, but the sub units in these are linked by a, 1-6 instead of a, 1-4 glycosidic bonds. Synthetic dextran is used as blood plasma substitute. When treated with epichlorohydrin, synthetic dextrans yield extremely hydrophilic gels which can hold large amounts of water. These gels are commercially used in preparation of fruit jellies. Sephadex (trade name) and some other similar dextran-gels are used in column chromatography.

This is another storage homo-poly-saccharide found in the cell sap of certain plants. For example, the tuberous roots of Dahlia, artichokes, dendelions, etc., contain storage inulin. Molecules of inulin are formed of fructose subunits.

They are also a class of storage homo-poly-saccharides of branched linear chains of D-glucose, but the subunits in these are linked by a, 1-6 instead of a, 1-4 glycosidic bonds. Synthetic dextran is used as blood plasma substitute. When treated with epichlorohydrin, synthetic dextrans yield extremely hydrophilic gels which can hold large amounts of water. These gels are commercially used in preparation of fruit jellies. Sephadex (trade name) and some other similar dextran-gels are used in column chromatography.

They are also a class of storage homo-poly-saccharides of branched linear chains of D-glucose, but the subunits in these are linked by a, 1-6 instead of a, 1-4 glycosidic bonds. Synthetic dextran is used as blood plasma substitute. When treated with epichlorohydrin, synthetic dextrans yield extremely hydrophilic gels which can hold large amounts of water. These gels are commercially used in preparation of fruit jellies. Sephadex (trade name) and some other similar dextran-gels are used in column chromatography.

They are also a class of storage homo-poly-saccharides of branched linear chains of D-glucose, but the subunits in these are linked by a, 1-6 instead of a, 1-4 glycosidic bonds. Synthetic dextran is used as blood plasma substitute. When treated with epichlorohydrin, synthetic dextrans yield extremely hydrophilic gels which can hold large amounts of water. These gels are commercially used in preparation of fruit jellies. Sephadex (trade name) and some other similar dextran-gels are used in column chromatography.

This is another storage homo-poly-saccharide found in the cell sap of certain plants. For example, the tuberous roots of Dahlia, artichokes, dendelions, etc., contain storage inulin. Molecules of inulin are formed of fructose subunits.

This is another storage homo-poly-saccharide found in the cell sap of certain plants. For example, the tuberous roots of Dahlia, artichokes, dendelions, etc., contain storage inulin. Molecules of inulin are formed of fructose subunits.

This is the most abundant organic compound, most abundant biopolymer, and most abundant poly-saccharide found on earth. Like those of amylose, molecules of cellulose are unbranched homopolymers of about ten to fifteen thousand D-glucose monomers which are, however, linked not by a, 1-4 but by P, 1-4 glycosidic bonds.

This is the most abundant organic compound, most abundant biopolymer, and most abundant polysaccharide found on earth. Like those of amylose, molecules of cellulose are unbranched homopolymers of about ten to fifteen thousand D-glucose monomers which are, however, linked not by a, 1-4 but by P, 1-4 glycosidic bonds.

This is the most abundant organic compound, most abundant biopolymer, and most abundant polysaccharide found on earth. Like those of amylose, molecules of cellulose are unbranched homopolymers of about ten to fifteen thousand D-glucose monomers which are, however, linked not by a, 1-4 but by P, 1-4 glycosidic bonds.

Cellulose is the water insoluble roughage part of the group. It is an important component of plant cell walls and the most frequent poly-saccharide at all. Cellulose is not only a roughage but also a food additives .Like those of amylose, molecules of cellulose are unbranched homopolymers of about ten to fifteen thousand D-glucose monomers which are, however, linked not by a, 1-4 but by P, 1-4 glycosidic bonds.

Dextran is synthesised from sucrose by certain lactic-acid bacteria, the best-known being Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Streptococcus mutans.