Carbohydrates and Biomolecules

Starch is a polysaccharide carbohydrate composed of glucose units linked together. It is the primary storage form of energy in plants, found in grains, tubers, and other plant tissues. Chemically, starch consists of amylose and amylopectin, both of which are carbohydrates - not organic acids, amino acids, or lipids.

Rayon is a regenerated cellulose fiber made by dissolving cellulose (from wood pulp or cotton linters) and then extruding it through a spinneret to form fibers. Chemically, it is still cellulose - the process only changes the physical form, not the chemical composition. Glucose is the monomer that makes up cellulose, amylase is an enzyme, and pectin is a different polysaccharide.

The linkage in disaccharides is ether.

It is the correct answer as sucrose is known as canesugar. It is found in sugarcane and sugarbeet.

A disaccharide is the carbohydrate formed when two monosaccharides undergo a condensation reaction which involves the elimination of a small molecule, such as water from the functional groups only. The common examples of disaccharides are- sucrose, lactose, maltose, sophorose, turanose, rutinose etc.

Galactosamine is a constituent of some glycoprotein hormones, such as follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).

Kojibiose is a disaccharide. It is a product of the caramelisation of glucose.

Ribose functions as co-enzyme in several metabolic pathways. It acts as a derivative of coenzyme A.

Glucose and galactose form an epimeric pair as they differ with respect to carbon-4 only.

Gentianose is a trisaccharide. Gentianose is composed of two units of glucose and one unit of fructose.

The sweetest sugar is monellin. Its relative sweetness is 2000.

Trehalose, made of glucose is used as energy source by insects.

Fructose is a reducing sugar that contains an aldehyde group which can reduce silver ions (Ag+) to metallic silver (Ag) in Tollens' reaction and similar silvering processes. This reduction property is exploited in the silvering of mirrors. Sucrose is a non-reducing sugar, glucose and starch are not typically used in this chemical process.

The unique chemical found in bacterial cell wall is murein.

Yeast cell walls are composed primarily of chitin, a polysaccharide also found in fungal cell walls and insect exoskeletons. This is different from plant cell walls (cellulose) and bacterial cell walls (peptidoglycan).