Biology · Science General

Botany and Plant Science

4,989 Questions

Botany and plant science delve into the biological study of plant life, covering structural anatomy, physiological processes, and reproductive mechanisms. Key topics include inflorescence patterns, root modifications, and seed development, which are vital for biology sections in medical entrance exams. This collection of practice questions helps solidify understanding of complex plant functions.

Plant ReproductionPlant AnatomyRoot ModificationsInflorescence PatternsPlant Morphology

Botany and Plant Science Questions

Multiple choice

________ is the fruit that develops from a superior ovary in which the pericarp and the seed coat remain free from each other.

  1. Achene

  2. Cypsela

  3. Nut

  4. Samara
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

An achene is a dry, indehiscent fruit where the seed coat remains separate from the pericarp (fruit wall). In contrast, cypsela is similar but develops from an inferior ovary, nut has a hard woody wall, and samara has wing-like extensions for wind dispersal.

Multiple choice

_________ does not have hypogynous flowers.

  1. Mustard

  2. China rose

  3. Brinjal

  4. Rose
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

 The flower is described as hypogynous if the gynoecium occupies the highest position, while the other parts are situated below it.

Multiple choice

______ develops from any part of the flower other than the ovary. It may develop from the receptacle or the calyx.

  1. Simple fleshy fruit

  2. Aggregate fruit

  3. False fruit

  4. Composite or multiple fruit
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

False fruits develop from parts other than the ovary, typically the receptacle (as in apple, where the edible part is receptacle tissue) or calyx. True fruits develop only from the ovary, while aggregate fruits come from multiple ovaries of one flower, and composite fruits develop from inflorescences.

Multiple choice

______ is the fruit that develops from chambered monocarpellary superior ovary. The dry papery seed coat remains fused with the pericarp.

  1. Achene

  2. Cypsela

  3. Caryopsis

  4. Samara
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Caryopsis is a single-seeded fruit where the dry papery seed coat remains permanently fused with the pericarp (fruit wall), typical of grasses like wheat, rice, and maize. Achene has a separate seed coat, cypsela has a pappus, and samara has wing-like extensions.

Multiple choice

_________ develops from an inflorescence.

  1. Simple fleshy fruit

  2. Aggregate fruit

  3. Simple dry dehiscent fruit

  4. Composite or multiple fruit
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Composite or multiple fruits (like pineapple, fig, mulberry) develop from the entire inflorescence (cluster of flowers), where each flower produces a fruit that fuses into a single structure. Simple fruits develop from a single ovary, and aggregate fruits develop from multiple separate ovaries of a single flower.

Multiple choice

What is a flower bud?

  1. A closed flower after blooming

  2. A dead flower before blooming

  3. An open flower after blooming

  4. A closed flower before blooming
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

A closed flower before blooming

Multiple choice

A fruit can be described as a ripened

  1. corolla

  2. androecium

  3. ovary

  4. calyx
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

A mature fruit is botanically defined as a ripened ovary. After fertilization, the ovary wall develops into the fruit wall (pericarp) that protects the seeds. This is why all fruits contain seeds.

Multiple choice

Which of the following statements are INCORRECT?

  1. Geitonogamy is the pollination of a flower by the pollen from another flower of the same plant.
  2. Interfascicular cambium is developed from the cells of medullary ray.
  3. Age of a tree can be estimated by diameter of its heartwood.
  4. Lenticels are involved in transpiration.

  1. 1 and 2

  2. 1 and 4

  3. 2 and 3

  4. 3 and 4

  5. 2 and 4
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Statement 2 is correct and statement 4 is incorrect.  Both statements are incorrect. 

Multiple choice

Read the following statements (A – E) and answer the question which follows them:

A. Meiosis takes place in megaspore. B. Perisperm is persistent nucellus within seeds. C. During seed germination, its stored food is mobilised by cytokinins. D. Hard outer layer of pollen is called intine. E. Seed coat of legumes is hard and thick due to the presence of sclereids.

How many of the above statements are correct?

  1. 1

  2. 2

  3. 3

  4. 4

  5. 5
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Correct answer. Only two statements (B and E) are correct. Meiosis takes place in meiocyte. Perisperm is persistent nucellus within seeds. During seed germination its stored food is mobilised by gibberellins. Hard outer layer of pollen is called exine. Seed coat of legumes is hard and thick due to presence of sclereids