Botany and Plant Science

Roots of varying shapes are present at the nodes of the running stem.

In plants, spindle formed during nuclear division is anastral. Plastids are found in plant cells.

 These are variously coloured in structure.

Tracheids are elongated cells in the xylem of vascular plants that serve to transport of water and mineral salts. It contributes to the transport system and provides structural support.

Only green plants and some other organisms can make food by the process of photosynthesis. In this process, carbon dioxide and water combine in the presence of light to form sugar.

It is the vascular tissue in plants that conducts sugars and other metabolic products downward from the leaves. Phloem translocates sugars made by photosynthetic areas of plants to storage organs like roots, tubers or bulbs.

Xylem is one of the two types of transport tissue in vascular plants for the transport of substances in plants. It transports water and soluble mineral nutrients from the roots throughout the plant.

Cyathium is the correct answer. It's a specialized inflorescence found in Euphorbia species, characterized by a cup-shaped involucre (the cyathium) that contains a single central female flower (pistillate) surrounded by several male flowers (staminate) on short stalks. Capitulum is a flower head (like sunflower), Hypanthodium is a fleshy receptacle (like fig), and Verticillaster is a whorled inflorescence (like in Ocimum).

The non-vascular plant usually grows in the moist and shady places. The moist environment is essential for easy uptake of the water, since they lack the vascular tissues like the xylem and the phloem.

 Bulbil is a speical multicellular body essentially meant for reproduction. In Agave the floral buds are modified into bulbils. These bulbils get detached, come in contact with the soil and develop into new plants. In Dioscorea the axillary bud develops into a bulbil. This bulbil detaches from the mother plant and grows up into a new independent one.

Offshoots applies to lateral branches on stems of monocots. Date palm, pineapple, banana, and orchids produce offshoots. Bamboo also propagate from offshoots, if left unchecked they will form whole forests of plants.

During development of a plant embryo, small portion of nucellus persists as a peppery covering called perisperm.

The removal of stamens from flower during hybridisation is called emasculation.