Biology · Science General

Botany and Plant Science

5,038 Questions

Botany and plant science delve into the biological study of plant life, covering structural anatomy, physiological processes, and reproductive mechanisms. Key topics include inflorescence patterns, root modifications, and seed development, which are vital for biology sections in medical entrance exams. This collection of practice questions helps solidify understanding of complex plant functions.

Plant ReproductionPlant AnatomyRoot ModificationsInflorescence PatternsPlant Morphology

Botany and Plant Science Questions

Multiple choice

In a type of inflorescence a cup-shaped involucre encloses a single female flower in the center and a number of male flowers around this on short stalks. This type is called-

  1. Capitulum

  2. Cyathium

  3. Hypanthodium

  4. Verticillaster
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Cyathium is the correct answer. It's a specialized inflorescence found in Euphorbia species, characterized by a cup-shaped involucre (the cyathium) that contains a single central female flower (pistillate) surrounded by several male flowers (staminate) on short stalks. Capitulum is a flower head (like sunflower), Hypanthodium is a fleshy receptacle (like fig), and Verticillaster is a whorled inflorescence (like in Ocimum).

Multiple choice

For centuries, the confusion as to if plants employed self-pollination or cross-pollination confounded the budding science of botany; however, recent research suggest that pollen is transferred by both self pollination and by cross pollination.

  1. the confusion as to if plants employed self-pollination or cross-pollination confounded the budding science of botany; however, recent research suggest that pollen is transferred by both

  2. the confusion as to whether plants employed self-pollination or cross-pollination confounded budding botanists; however, recent research suggest that pollen is transferred by both

  3. the confusion as to whether plants employed self-pollination or cross-pollination confounded budding botanists; however, recent research suggests that pollen is transferred both by

  4. the confusion if plants employed self-pollination or cross-pollination confounded budding botanists; however, recent research is suggesting that pollen is transferred both by

  5. the confusion as to whether plants employed self-pollination or cross-pollination confounded the budding science of botany, however, recent research suggests that pollen is transferred both by
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Correct. The option removes the errors of unidiomatic use by replacing 'as to if' with 'as to whether'. Also, the option substitutes 'budding science of botany' with 'budding botanists'. Also, the option removes the subject-verb error by giving singular verb, 'suggests' for research - a singular subject.

Multiple choice

Pollen is a powder made of pollen grains, which produces sperm cells of seed plants. Which of the following statements regarding the pollen production in angiosperms is INCORRECT?

  1. Pollen of angiosperms must be transported to the stigma of a compatible flower.

  2. The pollen is eventually released when the anther forms openings.

  3. Each microspore divides mitotically to form an immature microgametophyte.

  4. The microsporangia form sacs or pockets (locules) in the anther.

  5. Each microsporangium contains haploid pollen mother cells.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

Each microsporangium is lined with a nutritive tissue layer called the tapetum and initially contains diploid pollen mother cells.

Multiple choice

A fruit is a mature ovary of a flowering plant that is edible and usually eaten raw. Which is the following statements does NOT characterise the fruit development in angiosperms?

  1. Each microsporangium contains diploid microspore mother cells.

  2. Within the megagametophyte both the two sperm unites with the egg, forming a zygote.

  3. After pollination, a tube grows from the pollen through the stigma into the ovary.

  4. The zygote gives rise to the endosperm.

  5. The pericarp is often differentiated into two or three distinct layers.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Within the megagametophyte one of the two sperm unites with the egg, forming a zygote, and the second sperm enters the central cell forming the endosperm mother cell, which completes the double fertilisation process.

Multiple choice

Which of the following stem modification is essentially meant for reproduction in plants?

  1. Tendrils

  2. Thorns

  3. Bulbil

  4. Phylloclade

  5. Cladodes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

 Bulbil is a speical multicellular body essentially meant for reproduction. In Agave the floral buds are modified into bulbils. These bulbils get detached, come in contact with the soil and develop into new plants. In Dioscorea the axillary bud develops into a bulbil. This bulbil detaches from the mother plant and grows up into a new independent one.

Multiple choice

Bamboos are not trees and their stems do not get thicker with age, and if left unchecked they will form whole forests of plants. They generally propagate through which of the following?

  1. Crown

  2. Tubers

  3. Rhizomes

  4. Bulbs

  5. Offshoots
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

Offshoots applies to lateral branches on stems of monocots. Date palm, pineapple, banana, and orchids produce offshoots. Bamboo also propagate from offshoots, if left unchecked they will form whole forests of plants.

Multiple choice

In development of a plant embryo, perisperm is

  1. integument

  2. primary endosperm nucellus

  3. part of nucellus persisting as a thin, peppery covering

  4. micropyle

  5. seed stalk
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

During development of a plant embryo, small portion of nucellus persists as a peppery covering called perisperm.

Multiple choice

Description of a flower is termed as

  1. zoidogamy

  2. chasmogamy

  3. cleistogamy

  4. apomixis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

It describes type of flowers. A chasmogamous flower opens and exposes the stamens and styles to the environment.