Botany and Plant Science

There is no possibility of getting white flowers. The only possibilities are red and pink. The cross is depicted as follows: Parents: Pink x Red Genotype: Rr x RR Gametes: R, r x R, R Offsprings: RR and Rr (ie. Red and pink)

The angiosperm gametophytes are pollen and the eight-nucleus embryo sac.

Monoecious, dioecious, and dichogamous flowering arrangements are all means of promoting cross pollination.

In an angiosperm, out of total four megaspores three gets degenerated leaving a single survivor.

Here the tip of the leaf is indented, with a shallow notch at the tip.

This leaf is shaped like an halberd and with the basal lobes pointing outward.

Ageotropic remains unaffected by gravity. Tertiary roots are not affected by gravity so they are called ageotropic.

Tropic movements in response to the stimulus of chemicals is called chemotropic movements. The most prominent example can be seen in the growth of pollen tube by the virtue of the style towards the embryo sac.

It is a simple, dry, indehiscent fruit originating from inferior, bicarpellary, syncarpous and monolocular ovary. The pericarp is lean and free from the seed coat. The most prominent example is Compositae family plants.

Yes, they are the coloured plastids. They give colours to the fruits and flowers.

The stigma is the uppermost part of the pistil (female reproductive organ in flowers) and is specifically designed to receive pollen grains. It's often sticky or hairy to trap pollen effectively. The anther produces pollen, the style connects stigma to ovary, and the ovary contains ovules.

Self-pollination occurs when pollen from the anther lands on the stigma of the same flower, enabling fertilization within the same plant. Cross-pollination involves transfer between different flowers. 'Over pollination' is not a valid botanical term, and 'no pollination' would mean no pollen transfer occurred.

When a pollen grain lands on a compatible stigma, it germinates and produces a pollen tube that grows down through the style to reach the ovary. The pollen tube delivers sperm cells to the ovule for fertilization. The ovary contains ovules, embryo sac is within the ovule, and zygote forms after fertilization.

After fertilization, the ovule develops into the seed which contains the embryo, while the ovary develops into the fruit. The seed protects and nourishes the embryo until conditions are favorable for germination.

Pollinators are the agents (biotic like insects, birds, bats; or abiotic like wind, water) that transfer pollen from the male anther to the female stigma. Gametes are the sex cells, anthers are the pollen-producing structures, and pollination is the process itself.