Botany and Plant Science

Homogamy refers to the simultaneous maturation of anthers and stigma in the same flower, making self-pollination possible. Herkogamy is a physical barrier, protandry/protogy are timing differences where one matures first, and dichogamy is the general term for staggered maturation.

Unisexuality refers to the condition where male and female flowers are borne on separate plants, a phenomenon known as dioecy. This prevents self-pollination and promotes cross-pollination. Dichogamy refers to timing differences in maturation, not spatial separation.

Protandry is a form of dichogamy where the anthers (male parts) mature and release pollen before the stigma (female part) is receptive. This temporal separation prevents self-pollination. Protogyny is the reverse condition.

Protogyny is the condition where the stigma matures and becomes receptive before the anthers have matured and released pollen. This temporal sequence prevents self-pollination within the same flower. Protandry is the opposite condition.

The tube nucleus remains at the growing tip of the pollen tube as it elongates toward the ovule and eventually disintegrates. The generative nucleus divides to form two sperm cells. The tube nucleus helps guide pollen tube growth but is not involved in fertilization.

After fertilization, the ovule develops into the seed which contains the embryo and stored food. The ovary develops into the fruit, not the ovule. The embryo forms from the zygote, and endosperm (not endoperm) develops from triple fusion.

This is the correct answer, as both statements are true.

Sheathing leaf base is found in banana, where they jointly make a stem-like structure.

Rose leaf stipules are persistent and remain attached to the leaf for the whole life of leaf.

When sheathing leaf base surrounds the stem completely, it is called Amplexicaul leaf base.

The lateral outgrowth on each side of leaf base is called stipule.

The stipule which falls down after unfolding of lamina are called deciduous.

Free lateral stipules are found in China Rose. These are soft filamentous small and green stipules present on both lateral sides of the leaf base.

Winged petiole is found in citrus fruits like oranges.

The adaptation of petiole found in xerophytic plants is called phyllode.