Biology · Science General

Botany and Plant Science

5,038 Questions

Botany and plant science delve into the biological study of plant life, covering structural anatomy, physiological processes, and reproductive mechanisms. Key topics include inflorescence patterns, root modifications, and seed development, which are vital for biology sections in medical entrance exams. This collection of practice questions helps solidify understanding of complex plant functions.

Plant ReproductionPlant AnatomyRoot ModificationsInflorescence PatternsPlant Morphology

Botany and Plant Science Questions

Multiple choice

Which of the following is part of the egg-producing structure in plants?

  1. The microgametophyte in gymnosperms

  2. The anthridium of mosses

  3. The megagametophyte of angiosperms

  4. The plasmodesmata of angiosperms
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The megagametophyte produces the egg cell for fertilization. After fertilization, the ovule develops into a seed. It is also called embryo sac in flowering plants.

Multiple choice

Opening of a flower and dropping of a bud are examples of

  1. movement of curvature

  2. epinastic movement

  3. hyponastic movement

  4. spontaneous movement
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

 This option is correct because epinasty means downward, differential growth of the upper or adaxial part of a plant organ. Auxin and ethylene are involved in this response.

Multiple choice

Exarch and polyarch vascular bundles are found in

  1. monocot root

  2. monocot stem

  3. dicot root

  4. dicot stem
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Monocot roots have exarch (xylem matures from outside inward) and polyarch (many xylem strands) vascular bundles. Monocot stems have endarch bundles, dicot roots have tetrarch (four strands), and dicot stems have collateral bundles.

Multiple choice

If a moss protonema develops from few cells of capsule wall, then most probably it will be

  1. haploid

  2. diploid

  3. triploid

  4. polyploid
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

This question has a biological inconsistency. If a moss protonema developed from cells of the capsule wall (which is diploid sporophyte tissue), it would technically be diploid, but protonemata are normally haploid (gametophyte phase) structures. This scenario describes an anomaly called 'diploid protonema' which can occur in rare cases.

Multiple choice

What is apomixis?

  1. It is the process of formation of seeds without fertilisation.

  2. It is the phenomenon of formation of more than one embryo in the seed.

  3. It is the phenomenon of development of fruits without fertilisation.

  4. It is the mechanism of transfer of pollen grains from anther to stigma.

  5. It is the process of formation of haploid microspores from diploid pollen mother cell through meiosis.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The process of formation of seeds without fertilisation is known as apomixis.

Multiple choice

The growth of pollen tube towards ovule is due to

  1. geotropism

  2. thigmotropism

  3. chemotropism

  4. hydrotropism
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The growth of a pollen tube toward the ovule is an example of chemotropism - movement in response to chemical stimuli. The ovule releases chemical signals (specifically calcium ions and chemotropic factors like LURE peptides) that guide the pollen tube's growth. This ensures precise delivery of sperm cells to the embryo sac for fertilization.

Multiple choice

The endosperm of Brassica campestris is

  1. haploid

  2. diploid

  3. triploid

  4. tetraploid
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

In Brassica campestris (mustard plant) and most angiosperms, the endosperm is triploid (3n). This results from double fertilization, where one sperm fertilizes the egg (forming a 2n zygote) and the second sperm fuses with the two polar nuclei (each n), creating a 3n endosperm that provides nutrition to the developing embryo.