Biology

Biological Reproduction

806 Questions

Biological reproduction encompasses processes like asexual and sexual reproduction, alternation of generations, and specific mechanisms in plants and fungi. This topic is fundamental for biology paper preparation in various competitive exams. Practice these questions to solidify your understanding.

Asexual reproduction structuresPlant and fungi life cyclesCloning and fertilizationReproductive terminology

Biological Reproduction Questions

Multiple choice botany modes of reproduction fertilization in organisms sexual reproduction in organisms reproduction in organisms

Life begin in all sexually reproducing organisms as a

  1. Single-celled zygote

  2. Double-celled zygote

  3. Haploid zygote

  4. Haploid gametes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
Zygote is the vital link that ensures continuity of species between organisms of one generation and the next. Every sexually reproducing organism, including human beings begin life as a single cell - the zygote. 

Multiple choice botany modes of reproduction fertilization in organisms sexual reproduction in organisms reproduction in organisms

When gamete fusion is involved in the formation of new organism the phenomenon is known as

  1. Syngamy

  2. External fertilization

  3. Parthenogenesis

  4. Parthenocarpy
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Syngamy is a process in sexual reproduction that is defined as the fusion of the male gamete i.e., sperm with the female gamete i.e., egg resulting in the formation of a diploid zygote. Thus the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice botany modes of reproduction fertilization in organisms sexual reproduction in organisms reproduction in organisms

Isogamy is found in

  1. Hydra

  2. Monocystis

  3. Plasmodium

  4. Planaria
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The fusion of similar motile gametes is known as isogamous. Monocystis is an endoparasite in the seminal vesicle and coelom of earthworms. Fusing gametes do not differ morphologically but may be different physiologically. The isogamous gametes fuses to form zygote which develops into sporoblast, sporocyst, trophozoite and finally, to young trophozoite.

So, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice botany modes of reproduction fertilization in organisms sexual reproduction in organisms reproduction in organisms

Syngamy can occur outside the body of organisms in

  1. Algae

  2. Ferns

  3. Fungi

  4. Mosses
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Syngamy is sexual reproduction by fusion of male gamete( sperm) with female gamete ( egg ) to form a zygote which eventually develops in the new organism.

In algae, the fusion of gametes happens outside the body of a plant, in water. The gametes are single cells without any protection. In all other plants, the fusion of gametes occurs inside the parent body and zygote is protected by the embryo.

Multiple choice botany modes of reproduction fertilization in organisms sexual reproduction in organisms reproduction in organisms

In sexual reproduction of algae fusion between one large, non-motile (static) female gamete and a smaller motile male gamete is termed as

  1. Isogamous

  2. Anisogamous

  3. Oogamous

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The fusion of similar motile gametes is known as isogamous.

The motile gametes taking part in fusion may either differ in size or physiological behaviour is known as anisogamous.
Oogamous is a condition of heterogamy where one gamete is large and nonmotile, while the other is small and motile. In sexual reproduction of algae fusion between one large, non-motile (static) female gamete and a smaller motile male gamete is termed as oogamous. The large non-motile female egg fuses with male gamete which is motile and it is known as antherozoid. 
So, the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice botany modes of reproduction fertilization in organisms sexual reproduction in organisms reproduction in organisms

Process of sexual reproduction which involves meiosis and syngamy is

  1. Apomixis

  2. Amphimixis

  3. Agamospermy

  4. Diplospory
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
The process of fusion between haploid male nucleus and egg nucleus is known as amphimixis. It is also known as syngamy. The process is known as fertilization which leads to formation of a diploid zygote. It leads to the recombination of character which causes variation. It is a mode of sexual reproduction. The haploid gametes are formed by meiosis.
Apomixis is a mode of asexual reproduction. The development of plants takes place without fusion of gametes. The embryo develops without the fertilization of seeds. It is a powerful tool which fixes heterosis. The developed seeds are clones of plant. The ovule undergoes meiosis and forms aposporous initial cells which forms meiosis. It involves only meiosis not syngamy. 
Agamospermy is asexual reproduction in which seeds are produced from unfertilized ovules. The removal of the anthers of a flower in order to prevent self-pollination is known as emasculation. 
In diplospory, the megagametophyte arises from a cell of the archesporium.
So, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice botany modes of reproduction fertilization in organisms sexual reproduction in organisms reproduction in organisms

In chlorophyceae, sexual reproduction occurs by

  1. Isogamy and anisogamy

  2. Isogamy, anisogamy and oogamy

  3. Oogamy only

  4. Anisogamy and oogamy
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Chlorophyceae is a class of algae that is also known as green algae commonly. Different members of this class reproduce differently.

They reproduce by fusion of similar gametes ( isogamy ), the fusion of dissimilar gametes ( anisogamy ) as well as the fusion between a small non-motile and a large non-motile gamete (Oogamy).
So, the correct answer is 'Isogamy, anisogamy, and oogamy'.

Multiple choice botany modes of reproduction fertilization in organisms sexual reproduction in organisms reproduction in organisms

The common mode of sexual reproduction in Chlamydomonas is

  1. Isogamous

  2. Anisogamous

  3. Oogamous

  4. Hologamous
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Chlamydomonas reproduces both asexually and sexually. 

Asexual reproduction takes place by zoospores while sexual reproduction can be isogamous, anisogamous or oogamous. 
Though, commonly fusion takes place between similar gametes hence reproduction takes place by isogamy.
So, the correct option is 'Isogamous'.

Multiple choice botany modes of reproduction fertilization in organisms sexual reproduction in organisms reproduction in organisms

Oogamous sexual reproduction involves fusion of

  1. Motile and non-motile gametes

  2. Similar gametes

  3. Dissimilar motile gametes

  4. Dissimilar non-motile gametes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Oogamous reproduction involves fusion of one motile male gamete and another non-motile large sized female gametes. 

Fusion of similar gametes is known as isogamous reproduction. Fusion of dissimilar motile or non-motile gametes is known as anisogamous reproduction.
So, the correct option is 'Motile and non-motile gametes'.

Multiple choice botany modes of reproduction fertilization in organisms sexual reproduction in organisms reproduction in organisms

Union between a large non-motile female gamete and a small motile male gamete is called ____________.

  1. Anisogamy

  2. Isogamy

  3. Oogamy

  4. Zoogamy
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Anisogamy refers to the fusion of two gametes that differ in size, typically a large non-motile egg and a small motile sperm. Oogamy is a specific type of anisogamy, but anisogamy is the broader, standard term for this size difference.

Multiple choice botany modes of reproduction fertilization in organisms sexual reproduction in organisms reproduction in organisms

A sexual reproduction by fragmentation takes place in-

  1. Amoeba

  2. Yeast

  3. Spirogyra

  4. Moss
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Spirogyra is a filamentous green alga that reproduces vegetatively through fragmentation, where the filament breaks into smaller pieces that grow into new individuals. Amoeba and Yeast primarily reproduce by fission and budding, respectively.

Multiple choice botany modes of reproduction fertilization in organisms sexual reproduction in organisms reproduction in organisms

Fusion between a larger non-motile (static) female gamete and smaller motile male gamete is

  1. Isogamous

  2. Oogamous

  3. Anisogamous

  4. Homogamous
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Isogamy is the fusion of gametes that are similar in similar sizes. Anisogamy involves fusion of gametes that are dissimilar in sizes where both gametes are either motile or immobile.

In oogamy, female gamete is static while male gamete is small and motile.
So, the correct option is 'Oogamous'.

Multiple choice botany modes of reproduction fertilization in organisms sexual reproduction in organisms reproduction in organisms

In oogamous reproduction,

  1. Both male and female gametes are motile

  2. Both gametes are product of division of protoplast

  3. Both male and female gametes are non-motile

  4. For male gametes protoplast divides but for female gamete it does not
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

  • Oogamy is a system of sexual reproduction in which one gamete (called the egg) is large and nonmotile, while the other (called the sperm) is small and motile. Oogamy is a type of Anisogamy.
  • During Spermatogenesis, the protoplast of spermatogonium is equally divided into 4 spermatids while during oogenesis, ovum retains the bulk of protoplast and is minimally shared by Polar bodies.
So, the correct option is 'For male gametes protoplast divides but for female gamete it does not'.

Multiple choice evs seed becomes plant other modes of vegetative propagation the journey of seeds introduction to reproduction

Asexual reproduction is related to

  1. Amphimixis

  2. Agamospermy

  3. Vegetative propagation

  4. Both B and C
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
There are two modes of reproduction in plants: Sexual reproduction and Asexual reproduction. 
In sexual reproduction, there is the fusion of gametes of two different parents (called as syngamy) whereas, in sexual reproduction, offspring is formed from a single parent without the formation of gametes. Amphimixis is a kind of sexual reproduction which involves the meiosis and syngamy. A special type of asexual reproduction is there which is known as Apomixis in which there is seed formation without the fusion of gametes. Apomixis is further divided into two categories: Vegetative propagation and agamospermy. In vegetative propagation, any part of the plant may develop into a new plant. In agamospermy, plant propagation occurs by means of apomictic seeds or asexual seeds. 
Therefore, both vegetative propagation and agamospermy are types of asexual reproduction.
So, the correct answer is D.