Law Legal Studies · Civics Polity

Applied Ethical and Legal Principles

2,702 Questions

Applied ethical and legal principles questions cover autonomy, transparency, and informed consent in professional and medical settings. Topics also include environmental justice, libertarianism, and social welfare concepts. These questions are crucial for law, public policy, and civil services examinations.

Medical ethics principlesEnvironmental justice conceptsProfessional autonomy rulesInformed consent guidelinesLibertarianism principles

Applied Ethical and Legal Principles Questions

Multiple choice

Public Administration must scrupulously observe the principle of:

  1. Differential Treatment

  2. Internal Financial Control

  3. Consistency of Treatment

  4. Redressal of all Grievances
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Consistency of treatment is a fundamental principle of public administration, ensuring that all citizens are treated equally under the law without bias or favoritism. This is linked to the concept of the Rule of Law and administrative impartiality. Differential treatment would violate the principle of equality.

Multiple choice

Directions: Select the option that fills in the blanks most suitably in the same order.

The principle of equality should not imply a leveling down, but should be sensitive to the __________ of human needs and to the __________ means that may be required for their satisfaction.

  1. universality … verifiable

  2. imprudence … intrepid

  3. plurality … diverse

  4. inequity … atavistic
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The filler should logically be different needs and different means. (3) is the best fit.

Multiple choice

What kind of result is professed by the principle of need?

Directions: Read the passage and answer the question.

The principles of equity, equality, and need are most relevant in the context of distributive justice, but might play a role in a variety of social justice issues. These principles all appeal to the notion of just desserts, the idea that fair treatment is a matter of giving people what they deserve. In general, people deserve to be rewarded for their effort and productivity, punished for their transgressions, treated as equal persons, and have their basic needs met. However, because these principles may come into conflict, it is often difficult to achieve all of these goals simultaneously. According to the principle of equity, a fair economic system is one that distributes goods to individuals in proportion to their input. While input typically comes in the form of productivity, ability or talent might also play a role. People who produce more or better products...either by working harder, or by being more talented, this argument goes, should be paid more for their efforts than should people who produce less. Note that this sort of distribution may not succeed in meeting the needs of all members of society. In addition, the idea that justice requires the unequal treatment of unequals is in tension with the principle of equality. This principle of egalitarianism suggests that the fairest allocation is one that distributes benefits and burdens equally among all parties. If there are profits of $100,000, and 10 people in the company, the principle of equality would suggest that everyone would get $10,000. This principle, however, ignores differences in effort, talent, and productivity. Also, because people have different needs, an equal initial distribution may not result in an equal outcome.
A principle of need, on the other hand, proposes that we strive for an equal outcome in which all society or group members get what they need. Thus poor people would get more money, and richer people would get less. This principle is sometimes criticised because it does not recognise differences in productive contributions or distinguish between real needs and manifested needs.
Some have suggested that equity, equality, and need are not principles adopted for their own sake but rather ones endorsed to advance some social goal. For example, while equity tends to foster productivity, principles of equality and need tend to stress the importance of positive interpersonal relationships and a sense of belonging among society members.

  1. A negative outcome is partial to what is expected by members of the society.

  2. An effort towards an equal outcome in which the members of society get what they need.

  3. Some social goals in opposition to economic goals as professed before.

  4. Only to promote a sense of security among the members of society.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

A principle of need, on the other hand, proposes that we strive for an equal outcome in which all society or group members get what they need.

Multiple choice political science directive principles of state policy savings, investment, wealth, welfare and business cycle fundamental duties and directive principles fundamental duties and directive principles of state policy

Which one is not a Directive Principle?

  1. Equal pay for equal work

  2. Prevention of cow slaughter

  3. Pollution control

  4. Promotion of international peace
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Article 39 lays down certain principles of policy to be followed by the State, including providing an adequate means of livelihood for all citizens, equal pay for equal work for men and women, proper working conditions, reduction of the concentration of wealth and means of production from the hands of a few, and distribution of community resources to subserve the common good. Article 48 of the Constitution of India mandates the state to prohibit the slaughter of cows and calves and other milch and draught cattle. The State, according to Article 51, must also strive for the promotion of international peace and security, and Parliament has been empowered under Article 253 to make laws giving effect to international treaties. Prohibition of cow slaughter is a Directive Principles of State Policy contained in Article 48 of the Constitution.

Multiple choice elements of business operative activities in business concept and types of commerce and industry nature of industries and commerce role, branches and types of industry and commerce business as an activity meaning and types of trade trade and aids to trade

The principles of right and wrong that are accepted by an individual or organization are the  ____________.

  1. Research and Development

  2. Company Image and Brand Equity

  3. Value System

  4. All of above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

A hierarchy of values that all moral agents possess, demonstrated by their choices. Most people's value systems differ, making the imposition of a singular value system by the state a source of constant social warfare. This is an individualistic concept. One's value system is molded by one's virtues or vices.

Multiple choice organization of commerce and management business risks and insurance meaning, importance and principles of insurance features and principles of insurance meaning and definition of insurance kinds of insurance re-insurance and double insurance risks in business - insurable and non-insurable

Insurance is based on the principle of ______________.

  1. Co-operation

  2. Democracy

  3. Equality

  4. Welfare
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Insurance operates on the principle of pooling risks among many people, which is a form of social co-operation to mitigate individual financial loss.

Multiple choice organization of commerce and management principles and techniques of management henri fayol's principles of management principles of management management of business

Which one is the most important principle of Business Ethics?

  1. Principle of unity of direction

  2. Principle of proportional judgement

  3. Principle of scalar chain

  4. Principle of span of control
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Unity of direction is often cited in management literature as a fundamental principle for ensuring that all organizational efforts are aligned toward a common goal, which is essential for ethical and effective management.

Multiple choice zoology biotechnology and its applications transgenic animals transgenic organisms applications of biotechnology

Which of the following is the key principle of bioethics?

  1. Animal rights

  2. Environmental ethics

  3. Autonomy

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Bioethics encompasses various principles including animal welfare, environmental impact, and individual autonomy in research. All listed options are recognized areas of concern within the broader field of bioethics.

Multiple choice zoology biotechnology and its applications transgenic animals transgenic organisms applications of biotechnology

Animal suffering during testing can be minimized by which of these principles of ethics of animal biotechnology?

  1. Reduction

  2. Refinement

  3. Replacement

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Refinement refers to methods that minimise the pain, suffering, distress or lasting harm that may be experienced by research animals, and which improve their welfare. 

Refinement applies to all aspects of animal use, from their housing and husbandry to the scientific procedures performed on them.

Multiple choice social studies directive principles of state policy and fundamental duties directive principles and fundamental duties fundamental duties fundamental duties and directive principles

Of the followings which statement regarding Directive principles is incorrect?

  1. They aim at creating tolerable conditions of work

  2. They emphasize the need of establishment of welfare state

  3. They can be enforced through law

  4. They are the guidelines for all sets of government - Central. State or local self governments.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Option C is incorrect. It is not enforced through law.

The Directive Principles of State Policy contained in Part IV of the Indian constitution constitute the most interesting and enchanting part of the constitution. The provisions contained in this Part cannot be enforced by any court, but these principles are fundamental in the governance of the country and it shall be the duty of the State to apply these principles in making laws. 

Multiple choice social studies directive principles of state policy and fundamental duties directive principles and fundamental duties fundamental duties fundamental duties and directive principles

Which of the following is not a Directive Principle of the State Policy?

  1. To raise the level of nutrition

  2. To develop the scientific temper

  3. To promote economic interests of weaker sections

  4. To separate the Judiciary from the Executive
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
Option B is the correct answer. To develop scientific temper is apart of the Fundamental Duties. Part IV of the Indian Constitution deals with Directive Principles of our State Policy (DPSP). The provisions contained in this Part cannot be enforced by any court, but these principles are fundamental in the governance of the country and it shall be the duty of the State to apply these principles in making laws. They are covered in Articles 36 to 51. These are as follows:
Article 36: Definition of a state
Article 37: Application of the principles contained in this Part
Article 38: State to secure a social order for the promotion of the welfare of the people
Article 39: Certain principles of policy to be followed by the State
Article 39A: Equal justice and free legal aid
Article 40: Organization of village panchayats
Article 41: Right to work, to education and to public assistance in certain cases
Article 42: Provision for just and humane conditions of work and maternity relief
Article 43: Living wage, etc., for workers
Article 43A: Participation of workers in management of industries
Article 44: Uniform civil code for the citizen
Article 45: Provision for free and compulsory education for children
Article 46: Promotion of educational and economic interests of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and other weaker sections
Article 47: Duty of the State to raise the level of nutrition and the standard of living and to improve public health
Article 48: Organization of agriculture and animal husbandry
Article 48A: Protection and improvement of environment and safeguarding of forests and wildlife
Article 49: Protection of monuments and places and objects of national importance
Article 50: Separation of judiciary from the executive
Article 51: Promotion of international peace and security
Multiple choice economics sustainable development with equity liberalisation objectives of economic planning in india need for sustainable development introduction to social movements and its types social movements

Equity is the central ethical principle behind sustainable development. What does equity here mean?

  1. Everybody should have equal property

  2. Everyone should have equal commodities

  3. Everyone should have equal access to community resources and opportunities

  4. None
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

  • Sustainable development is the process of utilizing natural resources for human development without completely depleting them but by sustaining the ability of nature to continue to provide its resources.
  • Equity is the central ethical principle behind sustainable development. Equity here means everyone should have equal access to community resources and opportunities.

Multiple choice political science understanding laws rural administration evolution and structure of indian judiciary importance of laws

Which decision criteria is consistent with imposing and enforcing rules fairly and impartially?

  1. Focus on justice

  2. Utilitarian

  3. Focus on rights

  4. Directive
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Focus on Justice is the decision criteria consistent with imposing and enforcing rules fairly and impartially. Justice and fairness are closely related terms that often today used interchangeably. The principles of justice and fairness can be thought of as rules of fair play for issues of social justice. If justice principles are applied effectively, organisation and societies tend to be more stable and its members feel satisfied and secure.

Multiple choice business organisation management - nature, significance and scope management as an art, science and profession management as art, science and profession comparison of business, profession and employment levels and functions of management management functions functions and levels of management

The principle of __________are based on cause and effect relationship.

  1. arts

  2. science

  3. commerce

  4. neither of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Science is defined by its systematic nature and reliance on cause and effect relationships to explain phenomena. Arts, by contrast, are more subjective and creative.