Animal Tissue and Anatomy

The vermiform appendix is also referred to as the cecal appendix. It is a blind ended tube connected to the cecum. The appendix is usually located in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen, near the right hip bone. Its position within the abdomen corresponds to a point on the surface known as McBurney's point.

Large intestine is differentiated into three parts cecum, colon and rectum. Cecum continues into colon. Colon is the middle part of large intestine. The longitudinal muscle coat forms three ribbon like bands called teniae coli. Due to the presence of teniae, pouch like structure develops in lumen of colon called as haustra. The colon then continues in a uniform tube called rectum, which is the storage chamber for faeces.

The vermiform appendix is attached to its posteromedial surface of the large intestine. It contains masses of lymphoid tissue. It is a part of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue which gives the appendix an important role in immunity. Appendicitis is the result of a blockage that traps infectious material in the lumen. The appendix can be removed with no damage or consequence to the patient. 

Haemorrhoids, commonly known as piles, are swollen and inflamed veins in the rectum and anus that cause discomfort and bleeding.

The main characteristic that is associated with birds is their ability to fly. The entire forelimb has been modified to become a wing. The forelimb is not required to support weight but to restrain prey or for locomotion. 

The laryngeal prominence (commonly referred to as Adam's apple), a feature of the human neck, is the lump or protrusion that is formed by the angle of the thyroid cartilage surrounding the larynx. The structure of the laryngeal prominence forms a bump under the skin. It is larger in adult men, in whom it is usually clearly visible and palpable. In women, the bump is much less visible and is hardly perceived on the upper edge of the thyroid cartilage. The laryngeal prominence is related to the deepening of the voice.

The larynx is known as voice box or sound producing organ. A pair of membranous folds called vocal cords, stretch across the laryngeal cavity. In normal condition, the vocal cords lie apart so that the glottis remains widely open to allow free passage of respiratory air. For sound production, vocal cords come close together, they vibrate when air rushes out through glottis and produce voice.

Animal fibers are natural fibers that consist largely of particular proteins. These proteins include collagen, keratin and fibroin.

The hilus is the indented central fissure of the kidney where blood vessels, nerves, and the ureter pass. The funnel-shaped structure that expands from the ureter inside the kidney to collect urine is the renal pelvis. Thus, the tube passing out of the hilus is the ureter.

The stethoscope is an acoustic (hearing) medical device used for auscultation(listening of internal sounds of the body. The doctor will place a small metal circle called a bell (hallow disc) or diaphragm (plastic disc), against the chest, at the spot where a person can feel the heartbeat. The stethoscope is composed of rubber tube, earpiece and diaphragm.

The shared terminal duct of the reproductive and urinary system in the human male is urethra. In human male urethra is urinogenital duct which carry both urine and sperm. 

The final passageway for urine out of the bladder is through the thin-walled urethra. This tube runs from the base of the urinary bladder to the outside of the body. In the female, it is relatively short, connecting the bladder to the external urethral sphincter. In males, it is longer. It passes through the prostate gland and travels the length of the penis before reaching the external sphincter. 

Almost all organ systems are affected by hydrogen sulfide, but the most susceptible are those with exposed mucous membranes (e.g., eyes,  noise and throat) and those with high oxygen demands (e.g., lungs, brain).

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