Animal Tissue and Anatomy

The ventricles of the brain are lined by a specialized epithelial tissue called ependyma, which is involved in the production and circulation of cerebrospinal fluid.

Water collecting canals around the contractile vacuole are called Radiating canals The contractile vacuole is the part that contracts and forces extra water out of the cell. The radiating canals are the paths to the contractile vacuole. In Paramecium, these are two contractile vacuoles while one in Amoeba.

The subarachnoid space is the interval between the arachnoid membrane and the pia mater. It is filled with cerebrospinal fluid.

Amoeboid or Invasive is also known as Periplasmodial Tapetum. It is the most common type of tapetum in the angiosperms. This type of tapetum can be seen in Alisma, Butomus, Tradescantia and Typha, etc. The tapetal cells fuse among themselves to make the tapetal periplasmodium. The protoplast of the fused tapetal cells then moves into the locule. This protoplast movement into the locule, may take place during meiotic prophase.

Thus the correct option is B.

Pelvic girdle consists of two coxal bones. Each coxal bone is formed by the fusion of three bones ilium, ischium and pubis. At the point of fusion of the above bones is a cavity, called as acetabulum to which the thigh bone articulates. The two halves of the pelvic girdle meet ventrally to form the pubic symphysis containing fibrous cartilage.

Looking to the bone, it reveals that the surface is not smooth but scarred with bumps, holes and ridges. These are surface markings, where muscles, tendons and ligaments attached, blood and lymph vessels and nerves pass. Some of the important depression and openings are 
(1) Fissure- narrow, cleft-like opening between adjacent parts of the bone. Example: Superior orbital fissure.
(2) Foramen- a bigger, round opening. Example: Foramen magnum in the skull. Obturator foramen is a large oval or irregularly triangular aperture in the hip bone (pelvic girdle of mammals), the margins of which are formed by the pubis and the ischium.
(3) Meatus- a relatively narrow tubular canal. Example: External auditory meatus.
(4) Groves and sulcus- are deep furrow on the surface of a bone or other structure. Example: Inter-vertebral and radial grooves of the humerus.
(5) Fossa- shallow depressed area. Example: Mandibular fossa.

• Pelvic girdle consists of two coxal bones. Each coxal bone is formed by the fusion of three bones i.e each half of pelvic girdle is made up of ilium, ischium, and pubis.
  
•  At the point of fusion of the ilium, ischium and pubis bones there is a cavity called acetabulum to which the thigh bone (femur) articulates. Hence ilium is the part of pelvic girdle.
• So,the correct answer is 'Pelvic girdle'.

• The term 'pelvis' is common to both kidney and skeleton in mammals. In relation to the kidney, 
• It can be described as a chamber in the kidney into which the urine drains from renal tubules before passing to the ureter. 
• For skeleton, it is related to a pelvic girdle or hip girdle. Hence, Pelvis is Common to kidney and skeleton in mammals.

Formation of new cells or tissues from injured parts of the body is called Regeneration. It occurs in plants as well as animals and human beings.  In human body, the only organ performs regeneration is liver.

So, the correct option is ‘Liver'.

The diaphragm is a characteristic feature of all mammals, used for respiration. Other options like pinna, 7 cervical vertebrae, or scrotal sacs have exceptions among mammals.

• The diaphragm is a thin skeletal muscle that sits at the base of the chest and separates the abdomen from the chest.
•  It contracts and flattens when you inhale. 
• This creates a vacuum effect that pulls air into the lungs.
•  When you exhale, the diaphragm relaxes and the air is pushed out of lungs. Hence, diaphragm forms the floor of the chest cavity.

The ground tissue of plants includes all tissues that are neither dermal nor vascular. It can be divided into three types parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma. Cortex is composed of thin-walled parenchymal cells. The pericycle is a cylinder of parenchyma or sclerenchyma cells that lies just inside the endodermis and is the outer most part of the style of plants.

Casparian strip is a band of cell wall material deposited on the radial and transverse walls of the endodermis and is chemically different from the rest of the cell wall. The cell wall being made of lignin and without suberin, whereas the Casparian strip is made of suberin and sometimes lignin. It blocks the passive flow of materials, such as water and solutes into the stele of a plant.

The endodermis is the central, innermost layer of cortex in some land plants. It is made of compact living cells surrounded by an outer ring of endodermal cells that are impregnated with hydrophobic substances (Casparian strip) to restrict apoplastic flow of water to the inside. The endodermis is the boundary between the cortex and the stele.