Animal Tissue and Anatomy

Squamous cells have the appearance of thin, flat plates. The shape of the nucleus usually corresponds to the cell form and helps to identify the type of epithelium. They form the lining of cavities such as the mouth, blood vessels, heart and lungs, and make up the outer layers of the skin.

Transitional epithelium is also called urothelium, is a stratified epithelium lining the distensible walls of the urinary tract. The name transitional derives from this tissue's ability to change its shape from cuboidal to squamous when stretched.

These consist of cube-like cells which are square in section, but the free surface appears hexagonal. These are found in kidney tubules and in glands. These tissues provide mechanical strength to the part where they occur and produce secretions.

Cells of this tissue are usually columnar in shape, but bear numerous cilia at their free surfaces. They line the insides of the oviducts, ventricles of the brain, the spinal canal and the respiratory passage.

Cortex rises from periblem.

Stomach is a small 'J'-shaped pouch with walls made of thick, elastic muscles, which stores and helps break down food. Food which has been reduced to very small particles is more likely to be fully digested in the small intestine, and stomach churning has the effect of assisting the physical disassembly begun in the mouth.

Mucosa is the extensively folded innermost layer. It can be divided into the epithelium, lamina propria, and the muscularis mucosae, though some consider the outermost muscularis mucosae to be a distinct layer, as it develops from the mesoderm rather than the endoderm (thus making a total of five layers).

Colon, representing the greater part of the large intestine, consists of four sections: the ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid colons. At regular distances along the colon, the smooth muscle of the muscularis layer causes the intestinal wall to gather, producing a series of pouches called haustra.

The abdomen (belly region) is the body cavity located below the chest (thorax). It contains digestive organs and is separated from the chest by the diaphragm. The nose, throat, and liver are either above or within the abdominal region.

The reniform lamina is kidney shaped.

The leaves are sessile and form two lobes at the base; one on each side of the stem.

The larynx, or voice box, contains the vocal cords. These fibrous tissues vibrate when air passes through them, producing sound for speech.

A female reproductive structure analogous to male penis is clitoris.