Animal Tissue and Anatomy

Metastasis is the spread of a cancer from one organ or part to another non-adjacent organ or part. The new occurrences of disease thus generated are referred to as metastases and this is associated with malignant tumors.

The glossopharyngeal nerve is distributed to the postsulcal part of the tongue (posterior one third) and the circumvallate papillae.

The anterior belly of digastric is supplied by the mylohyoid branch of the inferior alveolar nerve and the posterior belly is supplied by the facial nerve. The different innervation of the two parts reflects their separate derivation from the mesenchyme of the first and second branchial arches.

Causes of epiphora include occular irritation and inflammation (including trichiasis and entropion) or an obstructed tear outflow tract, which is divided according to its anatomical location (i.e. ectropion, punctual, canalicular or nasolacrimal duct obstruction). The latter is often due to ageing (a spontaneous process), infection (i.e. dacryocystitis), rhinitis and in neonates or infants, failure of the nasolacrimal duct to open.

Motor supply: All the intrinsic muscles, except the palatoglossus are supplied by the hypoglossal nerve. The palatoglossus is supplied by the cranial part of accessory nerve through the pharyngeal plexus.

The parotid duct crosses masseter and turns medially at its anterior border at almost a right angle to traverse the buccal fat pad and buccinator opposite the crown of the upper third molar tooth.

The middle constrictor is a fan-shaped sheet attached anteriorly to the lesser cornu of the hyoid and the lower part of the stylopyiod ligament (the chondropharyngeal part of the muscle) and to the whole of the upper part of the greater cornu of the hyoid (the ceratopharyngeal part).

The renal cortex is the outer portion of the kidney between the renal capsule and the renal medulla. In the adult, it forms a continuous smooth outer zone with a number of projections (cortical columns) that extend down between the pyramids. It contains the renal corpuscles and the renal tubules except for parts of the loop of Henle, which descend into the renal medulla. It also contains blood vessels and cortical collecting ducts.

Cortex is covered by fibrous capsule.

It is unilayered. It lines most organs of the digestive tract including intestine, stomach, etc.

Other names for hairy tongue are: Lingua Nigra Lingua Villosa Lingua Villosa Nigra It occurs due to hypertrophy of filiform papillae on the dorsal surface of tongue, due to lack of mechanical stimulation and debridement.

Jaundice means the yellow appearance of the skin. Jaundice is most often the result of a disorder affecting the liver. Body fluids may also be yellow. 

The diaphragm is the dome-shaped sheet of muscle that separates the chest from the abdomen. It is also referred to the thoracic diaphragm because it is located in the thoracic cavity, or chest.

The epiglottis is a flap of cartilage located in the throat behind the tongue and in front of the larynx. The epiglottis is usually upright at rest allowing air to pass into the larynx and lungs. When a person swallows the epiglottis folds backward to cover the entrance of the larynx, so food and liquid do not enter the windpipe and lungs.

The organ of corti is located in the cavity of scala media. #