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Multiple choice zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination hypothalamus nervous and endocrine system in humans coordination in human beings- chemical control

Pituitary gland is under the control of

  1. Thyroid gland

  2. Adrenal gland

  3. Adrenal medulla

  4. Hypothalamus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
A. Thyroid gland is situated between the trachea and larynx in the neck and secretes thyroxine hormone which increases oxygen consumption by metabolically active tissues.
B. Adrenal gland is present on upper side of kidneys and has two parts, adrenal cortex which secrete glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids and sexocorticoids and adrenal medulla which secrete adrenaline and nor-adrenaline hormone.
C. Adrenal medulla is part of adrenal gland and secretes adrenaline and nor-adrenaline hormones.
D. Hypothalamus is present in the forebrain. This gland secretes hormones that regulate the synthesis and secretion of hormones of pituitary gland. 
So, the correct answer is 'Hypothalamus'.
Multiple choice zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination hypothalamus nervous and endocrine system in humans coordination in human beings- chemical control

Which centre is stimulated during increase in body temperature

  1. Anterior hypothalamus

  2. Posterior hypothalamus

  3. Limbic system

  4. Red nucleus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The anterior hypothalamus contains the preoptic area, which acts as the body's thermostat and is responsible for initiating heat-loss mechanisms when body temperature rises. The posterior hypothalamus is primarily involved in heat conservation and production.

Multiple choice zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination hypothalamus nervous and endocrine system in humans coordination in human beings- chemical control

Hypothalamus controls the production of which of the following pituitary hormones?

  1. ACTH (corticotropin), GH (growth hormone) and ADH (vasopressin)

  2. FSH and progesterone

  3. TSH (thyrotropin) and cortisol

  4. LH (luteinising hormone), ACTH (corticotropin) and TSH (thyrotropin)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

  • ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic hormone) is secreted from anterior lobe of pituitary gland. It increases the flow of blood to adrenal cortex and also increases the concentration of cholesterol and steroids. This result in increased output of steroid hormone cortisol from adrenal cortex.
  • GH (Growth hormone) is secreted from anterior lobe of pituitary gland and stimulates body growth and carbohydrate, protein, fat metabolism.
  •  ADH (Anti diuretic hormone )or Vasopressin is secreted from the posterior part of pituitary gland. This hormone increases reabsorption of water in kidneys and this results in decreased rate of urine production.
  • Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) is secreted from the anterior part of pituitary gland. It stimulates the growth of ovarian follicles in females and seminiferous tubules in males.
  • Progesterone is a steroid female sex hormone which is also known as pregnancy hormone. It maintains the inner lining of uterus which aids in implantation of embryo in the uterus. 
  • TSH (Thyroid stimulating hormone) is secreted from anterior lobe of pituitary gland and stimulates the function and growth of thyroid gland.
  • Cortisol is a glucocorticoid hormone secreted from adrenal cortex and regulates carbohydrate metabolism , storage of glycogen and increased reabsorption of sodium and water from the renal tubules.
  • Luteinizing hormone or LH is secreted from anterior lobe of pituitary gland and stimulates growth of ovarian follicles in females. In males this hormone is called interstitial cell stimulating hormone or ICSH and affects the Leydig cells of testes.
Hence, LH, ACTH and TSH are secreted from pituitary gland.
So, the correct answer is 'LH (luteinising hormone), ACTH (corticotropin) and TSH (thyrotropin)'.

Multiple choice zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination hypothalamus nervous and endocrine system in humans coordination in human beings- chemical control

The hormone responsible for the regulation of metabolism
of calcium and phosphorus is secreted by

  1. Thyroid

  2. Parathyroid and thyroid both

  3. Thymus

  4. Pancreas
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Parathyroid and thyroid hormones regulates the amount of calcium and phosphate in extra cellular fluid. It promotes the absorption of calcium from food in intestine, it accelerates elimination of phosphates in urine.

Multiple choice zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination hypothalamus nervous and endocrine system in humans coordination in human beings- chemical control

Coordinator between nervous and endocrine systems is 

  1. Thalamus

  2. Hypothalamus

  3. Epithalamus

  4. Colliculus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
The coordination and integration in different organs of human body is maintained by nervous system and endocrine system. Nervous system is the system of nerve cells through which information is  carried between organs and organ systems. The organs where these nerve cells do not innervate are regulated by endocrine system which consists of endocrine glands secreting chemical messengers or hormones. Hence, nervous system and endocrine system work in a coordinated manner and this coordination is maintained by hypothalamus. Hypothalamus regulates many body functions and secrete many releasing and inhibiting hormones which stimulates synthesis or inhibition of hormones from pituitary gland. The hormones from pituitary gland then regulate hormones secretion from other endocrine glands.
So, the correct answer is 'Hypothalamus'.
Multiple choice zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination hypothalamus nervous and endocrine system in humans coordination in human beings- chemical control

Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) is secreted by 

  1. Hypothalamus

  2. Adenohypophysis

  3. Pars intermedia

  4. Neurohypophysis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) is secreted by hypothalamus. It stimulates the release of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) from the pituitary gland. TSH, also known as thyrotropin stimulates thyroid gland to secrete thyroxine hormone. Thyroxine increases the consumption of oxygen in metabolically active tissues and regulates metabolic rate of the body. Hyposecretion of TRH leads to hypothyroidism.
So, the correct answer is 'Hypothalamus'.
Multiple choice zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination hypothalamus nervous and endocrine system in humans coordination in human beings- chemical control

Spot the wrong pair.

  1. Corpus luteum - Progesterone

  2. Interstitial cells - Testosterone

  3. Hypothalamus - FSH

  4. Acrosome - Hyaluronidase
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
  • Corpus luteum is the group of cells that forms in an ovary and is responsible for the production of the hormone progesterone.
  • Leydig cell or Interstitial cells are cells found adjacent to the seminiferous tubule that secretes testosterone.
  • Hypothalamus secretes GnRH which in turns stimulates the pituitary gland to secrete FSH.
  • Acrosome is the upper portion of the sperm and releases hyaluronidase.
  • Thus, the correct answer is (C).
Multiple choice zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination hypothalamus nervous and endocrine system in humans coordination in human beings- chemical control

Somatostatin 

  1. Stimulates glucagon release and inhibits insulin release

  2. Stimulates release of insulin and glucagon

  3. Inhibits release of insulin and glucagon

  4. Inhibits glucagon release and stimulates insulin release
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
Somatostatin is secreted from hypothalamus and inhibits the release of growth hormone from pituitary gland. It is also produced in pancreas. Pancreas have three types of cells:
  1. Alpha cells: secrete glucagon which increases blood glucose level
  2. Beta cells: secrete insulin which decreases blood glucose level
  3. Delta cells: secrete somatostatin which inhibit secretion of glucagon and insulin.
So, the correct answer is 'Inhibits release of insulin and glucagon'.
Multiple choice zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination hypothalamus nervous and endocrine system in humans coordination in human beings- chemical control

Somatostatin (GHIH) is secreted by

  1. Pituitary

  2. Thyroid

  3. Pineal

  4. Hypothalamus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
A. Pituitary gland is the master gland that regulates the activity of other endocrine glands and secretes many hormones like growth hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone etc.
B. Thyroid gland is situated between the trachea and larynx in the neck and secretes thyroxine hormone which increases oxygen consumption by metabolically active tissues.
C. Pineal gland is a small, rounded and reddish brown gland present at the dorsal side of forebrain. This gland secretes melatonin and serotonin hormones.
D. Hypothalamus is present in the forebrain. This gland secretes hormones that regulate the synthesis and secretion of hormones of pituitary gland. 
Somatostatin, also known as GHIH (Growth hormone inhibiting hormone) is secreted from hypothalamus and inhibits the release of growth hormone from pituitary gland.
So, the correct answer is 'Hypothalamus'.
Multiple choice zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination hypothalamus nervous and endocrine system in humans coordination in human beings- chemical control

Which of the following statements is false

  1. Hind brain contains medulla, pons and cerebellum

  2. Thalamus is an important sensory relay structure

  3. Cerebral cortex in humans is folded into convolutions

  4. Hypothalamus has an important role in recognising and experiencing
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The hypothalamus is primarily involved in regulating autonomic functions, hunger, thirst, and body temperature, while the limbic system is the primary center for recognizing and experiencing emotions. Therefore, the statement claiming the hypothalamus has the main role in emotion is false.