Tag: zoology

Questions Related to zoology

The scientist who first stressed on adaptation as a means of evolutionary modification was 

zoology evolution of life darwin's theory of evolution process of evolution lamarckism

  1. Huxley

  2. Weismann

  3. Charles Lyell

  4. Lamarck

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The first theory of evolution was proposed by Jean Baptiste de Lamarck. Lamarckism proposed

  • Some internal forces are present in all organisms. By the presence of these forces, the organism has the tendency to increase the size of their organs or the entire body.
  • Environment influences all type of organisms. Changing environment give rise to new needs. New needs or desires produce new structure and change habits of the organism.
  • If an organ is constantly used, it would be better developed whereas disuse of organ results in its degeneration.

So, the correct option is 'Lamarck'

Lamarckism cannot explain

zoology evolution of life darwin's theory of evolution process of evolution lamarckism

  1. Webbed toes in aquatic birds

  2. Weak muscles in the son of a wrestler

  3. Long narrow and limbless body of snakes

  4. Heterophylly

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Lamarck in his use and disuse theory proposed that any body part used vigorously caused it to become stronger and inherited in descendants. Lamarckism was failed to explain the reason behind weak muscles of wrestler’s son. Which was later on explained by August Weismann in his germ plasm theory. The germplasm theory claimed that only those changes would be inherited that affects germplasm (now called DNA) and any change in the body would not affect germplasm, so could not be inherited. Thus, the correct answer is ‘Weak muscles in the son of a wrestler.’

Choose the correct answers from the alternatives given.
Lamarck believed that certain parts of the body became more complex through the generations because they

zoology evolution of life darwin's theory of evolution process of evolution lamarckism

  1. are most similar to Gods perfection

  2. contribute to greater reproductive success

  3. are predetermined to do so

  4. are used more extensively than other parts

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Lamarck believed that evolution occurs when an organism uses a body part in such a way that it is altered during its lifetime and this change is then inherited by its offspring. For example, Lamarck thought that giraffes evolved their long neck s by each generation stretching further to get leaves. This theory was called the Use and Disuse of Organs.

Hence, the correct answer is 'are used more extensively that other parts'

According to the neo-Darwinian theory, which of the following is responsible for the origin of new species?

zoology universe and organic evolution darwin's theory of evolution process of evolution lamarckism

  1. Mutations

  2. Useful variations

  3. Mutations together with natural selection

  4. Hybridization

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

According to the Neo-Darwinian theory, mutations together with natural selection results in origin of new species.

Neo-Darwinism is the "modern synthesis" of Darwinian evolution through natural selection with Mendelian genetics, the latter being a set of primary tenets specifying that evolution involves the transmission of characteristics from parent to child through the mechanism of genetic transfer, rather than the "blending process" of pre-Mendelian evolutionary science. Neo-Darwinism can also designate Charles Darwin's ideas of natural selection separated from his hypothesis of Pangenesis as a Lamarckian source of variation involving blending inheritance.

Which of the following is the evidence for Darwin's theory of common descent?

zoology universe and organic evolution darwin's theory of evolution process of evolution lamarckism

  1. There are patterns in the fossil record that suggest other species have diverged from a single ancestor species.

  2. There are biogeographic patterns in the distribution of species, for instance distinct bird species on an island tend to resemble one another, suggesting a common ancestor.

  3. There are common stages in the early embryological development of organisms representing several distinct vertebrate groups.

  4. All of above

Show answer
Correct Option: D

Which of the following is responsible for evolution according to Neo-darwinism?

zoology universe and organic evolution darwin's theory of evolution process of evolution lamarckism

  1. Mutation

  2. Natural selection

  3. Adaptive radiation

  4. Both A and B

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Natural selection is the core creative agent in evolution, mutations, variations, are also factors leading to the development of new species. Organisms more suited to the environmental conditions will survive empowering the forces of competition. The organism with beneficial mutations, stronger genotype will be the fittest and will survive. After successive generations, all the stronger gene pool leads to an evolution of new species.

Neo-Darwinism believes that new species develop through

zoology universe and organic evolution darwin's theory of evolution process of evolution lamarckism

  1. Continuous variations and natural selection

  2. Mutation with natural selection

  3. Hybridization

  4. Mutation

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Neo-Darwinism is a modification of the original theory of Darwin to remove its shortcomings. Instead of continous variations, mutations are believed to help form new species. Variations accumulate in the gene pool and not in the individuals. 

Darwin judged the fitness of an individual by

zoology universe and organic evolution darwin's theory of evolution process of evolution lamarckism

  1. Ability to defend itself

  2. Strategy to obtain food

  3. Number of offsprings

  4. Dominance over other individuals

Show answer
Correct Option: C

Which of the following can be said as the "Theory of Darwin"

zoology universe and organic evolution darwin's theory of evolution process of evolution lamarckism

  1. Survival of the fittest and struggle for existence

  2. Weak and strong always maintain a fixed proportion

  3. Different species do not arise by genetic mutation

  4. None of these

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
Darwin believed that life thrives and multiplies by the principle of natural selection.
The theory of natural selection had the following postulates: 

1) Increased reproduction- He said that each and every organism or species tend to reproduce to the maximum to let its species live and multiply. 
2) The arithmetic growth of food and availability of space.
3) Survival of the fittest- Darwin’s theory of natural selection thus believes that those who can survive till the end are the ones that nature selects.
4) Variations- Due to this struggle for food and space, each organism or species tend to get an advantage over the other.
5) Struggle for existence - with a rapidly multiplying population, there is an increased demand for both space and food. The organism or species that is able to fight its own species or the other species or the environment itself lives. 

So option A is the correct answer and B and  C are not related to the Theory of darwin.

Why, according to our reading, did Darwin take so long to publish the Origin of Species?

zoology universe and organic evolution darwin's theory of evolution process of evolution lamarckism

  1. Darwin wanted to share his theory as quickly as possible once he returned from his voyage on the Beagle.

  2. It took twenty years for Darwin to develop a theory.

  3. Darwin suffered from a number of illnesses.

  4. Darwin was concerned about the reaction of others to the implications of his theory.

Show answer
Correct Option: D