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Multiple choice zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination parathyroid gland thyroid and parathyroid gland thyroid, parathyroid and thymus gland

Hormone regulating calcium and phosphorus metabolism in the body is secreted by 

  1. Thyroid

  2. Parathyroid

  3. Thymus

  4. Pancreas
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
A. Thyroid gland is situated between the trachea and larynx in the neck and secretes thyroxine hormone which increases oxygen consumption by metabolically active tissues.
B. Parathyroid gland is present in the form of four small pouches which are embedded in the posterior surface of lobes of thyroid gland. This gland secretes parathormone which increases calcium reabsorption from the bones and causes mobilisation of calcium in the blood. This hormone also regulates phosphate excretion through urine.
C. Thymus gland is associated with the development of immune system and present on the dorsal side of heart. It secretes thymosin hormone which plays an important role in the differentiation of T-lymphocytes.
D. Pancreas is a heterocrine gland as it acts both as endocrine and exocrine gland. It secretes insulin hormone into blood and act as endocrine gland and when it secretes digestive enzymes and juice through pancreatic duct, it acts as exocrine gland.
Hence, hormone regulating calcium and phosphorus metabolism in the body.
So, the correct answer is 'Parathyroid'.
Multiple choice zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination parathyroid gland thyroid and parathyroid gland thyroid, parathyroid and thymus gland

Parathormone is secreted when there is 

  1. Increased Ca$^{2+}$ level in blood
  2. Decreased blood Ca$^{2+}$ level

  3. Increased blood sugar level

  4. Decreased blood sugar level
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The parathyroid glands secrete a peptide hormone called parathyroid hormone or parathormone (PTH). The release of parathromone is regulated by the circulating levels of calcium ($Ca^{2+}$) ions in the blood. PTH plays an important role in calcium balance of the body. It maintains the calcium balance between the blood and other tissues. When the calcium level in the blood decreases, parathyroid hormone is released in order to increase the calcium level in the blood. PTH acts on bones and other skeletal structure and mobilizes the calcium ($Ca^{2+}$) from the bones into the blood. This is called bone resorption/dissolution/demineralization. The parathromone also increases the reabsorption of calcium by the renal tubules and absorption of calcium from the digested food. Hence, PTH (parathormone) is a hypercalcemic hormone that increases the blood calcium levels.

Multiple choice zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination parathyroid gland thyroid and parathyroid gland thyroid, parathyroid and thymus gland

Choose the correct answer from the alternatives given.
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitonin (CT) control the levels of which of the following ions in blood?

  1. Calcium

  2. Sodium

  3. Potassium

  4. Chloride
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The thyroid gland secretes a protein hormone called thyrocalcitonin (TCT) which regulates the blood calcium levels. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) increases the calcium levels in the blood. It also stimulates reabsorption of calcium by the renal tubules and increases calcium absorption from the digested food.

So the correct answer is calcium.

Multiple choice zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination parathyroid gland thyroid and parathyroid gland thyroid, parathyroid and thymus gland

Low Ca$^{2+}$ in body fluid may be the reason for 

  1. Anaemia

  2. Angina pectoris

  3. Gout

  4. Tetany
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
Low calcium levels in body cause hypocalcaemia. This may cause tetany, a disorder that occurs due to deficiency of parathormone. Parathormone is secreted from the parathyroid gland and increases blood calcium level by increasing the reabsorption of calcium from the bones. When parathormone levels are low, calcium level also gets decreased and this cause muscular spasms, a symptom of tetany. The muscles contract involuntarily and this causes painful cramps.
So, the correct answer is 'Tetany'.
Multiple choice zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination parathyroid gland thyroid and parathyroid gland thyroid, parathyroid and thymus gland

Which one of the following pairs correctly matches a hormone with a disease resulting from its deficiency : -

  1. Relaxin Gigantism

  2. Prolactin Cretinsim

  3. Parathyroid hormone Tetany

  4. Insulin Diabetes insipidus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
  • Gigantism is a rare condition of accelerated growth and increased height as a result of too much growth hormone secretion during childhood or adolescence. It is almost always the result of a growth hormone-secreting pituitary tumour.
  •  Congenital hypothyroidism (under activity of the thyroid gland at birth), which results in growth retardation, developmental delay, and other abnormal features. Cretinism can be due to a deficiency of iodine in the mother's diet during pregnancy.
  • Hypoparathyroidism is decreased function of the parathyroid glands with underproduction of parathyroid hormone. This can lead to low levels of calcium in the blood, often causing cramping and twitching of muscles or tetany (involuntary muscle contraction) and several other symptoms.
  • Diabetes mellitus occurs due to insulin resistance or insulin deficiency and subsequent high blood glucose levels. Diabetes Insipidus, on the other hand, develops as a result of the stilted production of a hormone in the brain, which is released to stop the kidneys producing so much urine in order to retain water.

So, the correct answer is 'Parathyroid hormone Tetany'.
Multiple choice zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination parathyroid gland thyroid and parathyroid gland thyroid, parathyroid and thymus gland

Increase in bleeding time and delay in blood coagulation occur due to deficiency of 

  1. Adrenaline

  2. Noradrenaline

  3. Parathormone

  4. Thyroxine
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
Parathormone is secreted from the parathyroid gland and increases blood calcium level by increasing the reabsorption of calcium from the bones. A deficiency of parathormone causes deficiency of calcium in blood. Calcium plays an important role in blood coagulation as aggregation of platelets and formation of fibrin fibres at the wound site require calcium.
So, the correct answer is 'Parathormone'.
Multiple choice zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination parathyroid gland thyroid and parathyroid gland thyroid, parathyroid and thymus gland

The condition of having excess levels of potassium in blood is called _______.

  1. Hypercholesterolemia

  2. Hyperkalemia

  3. Osteomalacia

  4. Hypernatremia
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
A. Hypercholesterolemia is a condition of high cholesterol in blood.
B. Hyperkalemia is a condition of high potassium levels in blood.
C. Osteomalacia is a condition in which bones get softened due to deficiency of calcium or vitamin D.
D. Hypernatremia is a condition of high sodium concentration in blood.
So, the correct answer is 'Hyperkalemia'.
Multiple choice zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination parathyroid gland thyroid and parathyroid gland thyroid, parathyroid and thymus gland

Hypercalcemic hormone is 

  1. Thyroxine

  2. Tri-iodo-thyronine

  3. Parathormone

  4. Thyrocalcitonin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Parathormone is a hypercalcemic hormone that increases the blood calcium levels. The parathyroid glands secrete a peptide hormone called parathyroid hormone or parathormone (PTH). The release of parathromone is regulated by the circulating levels of calcium ($Ca^{2+}$) ions in the blood. PTH plays an important role in calcium balance of the body. It maintains the calcium balance between the blood and other tissues. When the calcium level in the blood decreases, parathyroid hormone is released in order to increase the calcium level in the blood. PTH acts on bones and other skeletal structure and mobilizes the calcium ($Ca^{2+}$) from the bones into the blood. This is called bone resorption/dissolution/demineralization. The parathromone also increases the reabsorption of calcium by the renal tubules and absorption of calcium from the digested food.

Multiple choice zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination parathyroid gland thyroid and parathyroid gland thyroid, parathyroid and thymus gland

Parathormone induces 

  1. Increase in blood sugar

  2. Increase in serum calcium

  3. Decrease in serum calcium

  4. Decrease in blood sugar level.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The parathyroid glands secrete a peptide hormone called parathyroid hormone or parathormone (PTH). The release of parathromone is regulated by the circulating levels of calcium ($Ca^{2+}$) ions in the blood. PTH plays an important role in calcium balance of the body. It maintains the calcium balance between the blood and other tissues. When the calcium level in the blood decreases, parathyroid hormone is released in order to increase the calcium level in the blood. PTH acts on bones and other skeletal structure and mobilizes the calcium ($Ca^{2+}$) from the bones into the blood. This is called bone resorption/dissolution/demineralization. The parathromone also increases the reabsorption of calcium by the renal tubules and absorption of calcium from the digested food. Hence, parathormone induces increase in serum calcium.

Multiple choice zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination parathyroid gland thyroid and parathyroid gland thyroid, parathyroid and thymus gland

Which of the following is wrong? 

  1. Sella turcica is a bony cavity where pituitary gland is located.
  2. Parathyroid hormone decreases the Ca$^{2+}$ levels in blood.

  3. Thymosins play a major role in T-cell differentiation.

  4. Insulin stimulates glycogenesis.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
A. The pituitary gland is located in a bony cavity called Sella tursica and is attached to the hypothalamus by a stalk.
B. The parathyroid glands secrete a peptide hormone called parathyroid hormone (PTH). The secretion of PTH is regulated by the circulating levels of calcium ions. PTH increases the calcium levels in the blood.
C. Thymosins are secreted by thymus gland. These play a major role in the differentiation of T-lymphocytes, which provide cell-mediated immunity.
D. Insulin stimulates conversion of glucose to glycogen (glycogenesis).
So, the correct answer is 'parathyroid hormone decreases the calcium levels in blood'.