Tag: zoology

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Multiple choice zoology molecular basis of inheritance genome projects human genome project human genome project and dna fingerprinting

Human genome project was started in

  1. $1989$
  2. $1990$
  3. $1992$
  4. $1995$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
The Human Genome Project was started in 1990 with the goal of sequencing and identifying all 3 billion chemical units in the human genetic instruction set, finding the genetic roots of disease and then developing treatments.

So, the correct answer is '1990'.
Multiple choice zoology molecular basis of inheritance genome projects human genome project human genome project and dna fingerprinting

As per latest information human genome has

  1. $3,00,000$ genes
  2. $20,000$ genes
  3. $3,000$ genes
  4. $300$ genes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
There are an estimated 19,000-20,000 human protein-coding genes. The estimate of the number of human genes has been repeatedly revised down from initial predictions of 100,000 or more as genome sequence quality and gene finding methods have improved and could continue to drop further.
So, the correct answer is '20,000 genes'.
Multiple choice zoology molecular basis of inheritance genome projects human genome project human genome project and dna fingerprinting

Main aim of human genome project is to

  1. Introduce new genes into human beings.

  2. Identify and sequence all the genes present in human DNA.

  3. Develop better techniques to compare two human DNAs.

  4. Remove disease causing genes from human DNA.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Human genome project was a 13- year long project involving a global, long-term research effort to identify the estimated 30,000 genes in human DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and to figure out the sequences of almost 3 billion nucleotides that make up human DNA. It was completed in 2003.

So, the correct option is 'Identify and sequence all the genes present in human DNA.'

Multiple choice zoology molecular basis of inheritance genome projects human genome project human genome project and dna fingerprinting

The state in which the viral genome gets integrated with the bacterial genome is called.

  1. Prophage

  2. Prophase

  3. Adsorption

  4. Lysogeny
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

A prophage is the state where a bacteriophage genome is integrated into the host bacterium's DNA. Lysogeny is the cycle itself, but the integrated DNA is specifically called a prophage.

Multiple choice zoology molecular basis of inheritance genome projects human genome project human genome project and dna fingerprinting

The human genome contains (a) billion nucleotide bases. The average gene consists of (b) bases. Which option is correct for a & b?

  1. $a = 3, b = 3000$
  2. $a = 5, b = 3000$
  3. $a = 3, b = 2000$
  4. $a = 4, b = 3000$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The human genome contains approximately 3 billion base pairs, and the average gene size is estimated to be around 3000 base pairs.

Multiple choice zoology molecular basis of inheritance genome projects human genome project human genome project and dna fingerprinting

All of the following except are sources of change in the genome

  1. Nondisjunction during meiosis

  2. Gene mutations

  3. Crossing over

  4. Amniocentesis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

A process in which amniotic fluid is sampled using a hollow needle inserted into the uterus, to screen for abnormalities in the developing fetus.

It is not part of the change in a genome, so the correct answer is D, amniocentesis.

Multiple choice zoology molecular basis of inheritance genome projects human genome project human genome project and dna fingerprinting

The human genome project involves all of the following except

  1. altering the human genome

  2. physical mapping of the chromosomes

  3. sequencing of the entire nucleotide sequence of the human genome

  4. location of RFLP markers
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
The Human Genome Project (HGP) was launched on 1st October 1990 for sequencing the entire genome of 2.75 billion nucleotide pairs. This megaproject was a 13-year project coordinated by the U.S. Department of Energy and the National Institute of Health. During the early years of the HGP, the Wellcome Trust (U.K.) becomes a major partner; additional contributions come from Japan, France, Germany, China, and others. The project was completed in 2003. This project had the following objectives:-
  • To identify all the approximately 20,000-25,000 genes in human DNA.
  • To determine the sequences of the 3 billion base pairs that make up human DNA. 
  • Knowing locations of RFLP markers. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) is a technique that exploits variations in homologous DNA sequences. The principle of RFLP markers is that any genomic DNA can be differentiated according to the presence or absence of restriction enzyme sites. 
  • Mapping presence of genes on different chromosomes. 
So, the correct option is 'altering the human genome'.
Multiple choice zoology molecular basis of inheritance genome projects human genome project human genome project and dna fingerprinting

The sequencing of the entire genome (the totality of all genes) of an organism was completed in 1996. The organism was

  1. Human being

  2. Yeast

  3. Albino mouse

  4. Plasmodium vivax
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The sequencing of the entire genome of an organism was completed in 1996 and the organism was yeast.

So, the correct option is 'Yeast'.

Multiple choice zoology molecular basis of inheritance genome projects human genome project human genome project and dna fingerprinting

Human Genome Project is under the control of Human Genome Organization which is funded primarily by

  1. NIH in USA

  2. DOE in USA

  3. EC in Europe

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The Human Genome Project (HGP) is an international scientific research project with the goal of determining the sequence of chemical base pairs which make up human DNA and of identifying and mapping all of the genes of the human genome from both a physical and functional standpoint. It remains the world's largest collaborative biological project. The project was proposed and funded by the US government; planning started in 1984, the project got underway in 1990 and was declared complete in 2003. The project has been organized and supported primarily by the DOE, European Commission and the NIH, which established working groups to address genome mapping, computational analysis to handle databases, and the social, legal, and ethical implications of the human genome research. Congress funds the project through the National Centre for Human Genome Research at the NIH, which in turn awards grants and contracts to U.S. investigators. Additional funding from Congress goes to the DOE, which conducts research on human genetics at three national laboratories and also funds independent or private investigators.