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Multiple choice zoology gas exchange and smoking respiration in human beings respiration and associated structures respiration in humans respiratory organs in humans

Approximate normal composition of alveolar air is?

  1. $14\% O _2, 6\% CO _2, 80\% N _2$
  2. $16\% O _2, 3\% CO _2, 81\% N _2$
  3. $21\% O _2, 2\% CO _2, 77\% N _2$
  4. $10\% O _2, 8\% CO _2, 82\% N _2$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Alveolar air composition is approximately 14% oxygen, 6% carbon dioxide, and 80% nitrogen. This differs from atmospheric air due to the continuous exchange of gases in the lungs.

Multiple choice zoology gas exchange and smoking respiration in human beings respiration and associated structures respiration in humans respiratory organs in humans

What is correct?

  1. Pulmonary ventilation is equal to alveolar ventilation

  2. Alveolar ventilation is less than pulmonary ventilation

  3. Alveolar ventilation is more than pulmonary ventilation

  4. The two are variable
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Pulmonary ventilation is the total volume of air moved into and out of the lungs per minute. Alveolar ventilation is lower because it excludes the air that remains in the anatomical dead space where no gas exchange occurs.

Multiple choice zoology gas exchange and smoking respiration in human beings respiration and associated structures respiration in humans respiratory organs in humans

Complete and balance the following equation $Na _2HPO _4+X\rightarrow Y+NaH _2PO _4$.

  1. $X=NaHCO _3, Y=NaCl$
  2. $X=NaHCO _3, Y=H _2CO _3$
  3. $X=H _2CO _3, Y=NaH _2CO _3$
  4. $X=H _2CO _3, Y=NaHCO _3$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The reaction Na2HPO4 + H2CO3 -> NaHCO3 + NaH2PO4 is a standard buffer reaction where carbonic acid reacts with disodium hydrogen phosphate to form sodium bicarbonate and sodium dihydrogen phosphate.

Multiple choice zoology gas exchange and smoking respiration in human beings respiration and associated structures respiration in humans respiratory organs in humans

The partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli of lungs is?

  1. Less than that of $CO _2$

  2. Equal to that in blood

  3. More than that in the blood

  4. Less than that in the blood
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Oxygen diffuses from the alveoli into the blood because the partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli (approx. 104 mmHg) is higher than that in the deoxygenated pulmonary capillary blood (approx. 40 mmHg).

Multiple choice zoology gas exchange and smoking respiration in human beings respiration and associated structures respiration in humans respiratory organs in humans

Choose the correct answer from the alternatives given.
What are the tiny clusters of chambers for diffusion of gases in lungs?

  1. Pleura

  2. Alveolar sacs

  3. Bronchioles

  4. Lobes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The pleura are membranes that secrete a lubricating fluid, which allows free movement of the lungs against the chest wall while breathing. The alveolar sacs are sacs of many alveoli (clusters of chambers), that help exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs. The bronchioles are the passageways by which air passes through the nose or mouth to the alveoli (air sacs) of the lungs. Each lobe of the lung has the same physiologic function, bringing oxygen into the bloodstream and removing carbon dioxide. So, the correct option is 'alveolar sacs'.

Multiple choice zoology gas exchange and smoking respiration in human beings respiration and associated structures respiration in humans respiratory organs in humans

What is the approximate normal composition of alveolar air? 

  1. 14% oxygen, 6% carbon dioxide, 80% nitrogen

  2. 21 % oxygen, 2% carbon dioxide, 77% nitrogen

  3. 16% oxygen, 3% carbon dioxide, 81 % nitrogen

  4. 10% oxygen, 8% carbon dioxide, 82% nitrogen
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The air present inside the alveoli or the alveolar air usually has a higher amount of oxygen than carbon dioxide. The approximate composition of alveolar air under normal condition is 14% oxygen, 6% carbon dioxide, and 80% nitrogen.

So, the correct answer is '14% oxygen, 6% carbon dioxide, 80% nitrogen'.


Multiple choice zoology gas exchange and smoking respiration in human beings respiration and associated structures respiration in humans respiratory organs in humans

Membrane separating air in pulmonary alveoli from blood capillaries.

  1. Alveolar epithelium

  2. Cardiac epithelium

  3. Endothelium of blood capillaries
  4. Both $'1'$ and $'3'$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
Here option (D) is the correct answer as-
Outermost Layer Of pulmonary alveolitis alveolar epithelium while that of blood capillaries is endothelium. Thus, both alveolar epithelium and endothelium of blood capillaries separate air in pulmonary alveoli from blood capillaries.