Tag: zoology

Questions Related to zoology

A person likely to develop tetanus is immunized by administering :

zoology diseases and immunity body defense system drug-target interaction pharmaceutical products and drug action

  1. Weakned germs

  2. Dead germs

  3. Preformed antibodies

  4. Wide spectrum antibiotics

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Correct Option: C

Gastric secretions are under the control of 

zoology diseases and immunity body defense system drug-target interaction pharmaceutical products and drug action

  1. Cerebrum

  2. Hypothalamus

  3. Thalamus

  4. Medulla oblongata

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Correct Option: A,B,D
Explanation:

Gastric secretion starts with the stomach responds to the mere sight, smell, taste, or thought of food which process starts in the cerebrum. These sensory and mental inputs converge on the hypothalamus, which relays signals to the medulla oblongata. Vagus nerve fibres from the medulla stimulate the parasympathetic nervous system of the stomach which, in turn, stimulates gastric secretion.

So the answers are Cerebrum, Hypothalamus, and Medulla oblongata.

Note the following.

(A) Skin, (B) Phagocytes, (C) B-cells, (D) Inflammation, (E) Antibodies, (F) T-cells, (G) Fever, (H) Complementary proteins, (I) NK-cells, (J) Secretions. 

Identify the factors involved in second line of defence.

zoology diseases and immunity body defense system drug-target interaction pharmaceutical products and drug action

  1. (B), (D), (G), (H), and (I)

  2. (B), (C), (E) and (I)

  3. (D), (F), (H) and (J)

  4. (C), (E), (G) and (H)

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The second line of defense is the non-specific responses. They are generalized responses to pathogen infection, they do not target a specific cell type. The non-specific response consists of some WBCs and plasma proteins and the following factors:

1. Phagocytes are cells that eat foreign material to destroy them and it includes neutrophils and eosinophils.
2. Macrophages are non-phagocytic leucocytes, like basophils and mast cells.
3. Complement proteins is a plasma protein that is directly activated by the antigen.
4. Inflammation is the immune response shown during an infection. It is generally shown by WBC.

5. Fever is an immune response that includes the increase in the temperature of the body to kill pyrogens.

Thus, the correct answer is option A.

Erythropoietin is secreted from.
zoology diseases and immunity body defense system drug-target interaction pharmaceutical products and drug action

  1. Pituitary gland

  2. Pancreas

  3. Adrenal gland

  4. Kidney

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Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Erythropoietin (EPO), is a glycoprotein cytokine secreted by the kidney. It helps in the formation of red blood cells by the bone marrow. The kidney cells that make EPO are specialized and are sensitive to low oxygen levels in the blood coming into the kidney. After being released into the blood stream it binds with receptors in the bone marrow, where it stimulates the production of red blood cells (erythrocytes). Medically, EPO is used to treat certain forms of anemia. So, the correct answer is option D.

Which one of the following organs is not involved in the elicitation of immune responses?

zoology diseases and immunity body defense system drug-target interaction pharmaceutical products and drug action

  1. Spleen

  2. Thymus

  3. Lymph nodes

  4. Brain

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Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The immune response is how our body recognizes and defends itself against bacteria, viruses and other harmful diseases. They are also triggered by antigens. The parts involved in elicitation of immune responses are Spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, bone marrow and white blood cells.

So, the correct option is 'Brain'.

A common characteristic of all vertebrates is

zoology biodiversity and its classifications vertebrates characteristics of vertebrates classification of organisms

  1. Presence of skull

  2. Division of body into head, neck, trunk and tail

  3. Presence of two pairs of functional appendages

  4. Body is covered with an exoskeleton

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Correct Option: A
Explanation:
A. Vertebrates are advanced chordates having cranium (brain box) around the brain and hence, they are called as craniata. So, all vertebrates have skull i.e. cranium.
B. Their body consists of serially arranged vertebrae which comprises of a major part of their axial exoskeleton, the vertebral column or the backbone.
C. Their skin covered by protective skeleton that comprises of scales, feathers, hair, etc.
D. They have an endoskeleton which may be made up of cartilage or bones.
Hence, statement A is correct. So, the correct answer is 'Presence of skull'. 

Which one is not characteristic feature of subphylum vertebrata?

zoology biodiversity and its classifications vertebrates characteristics of vertebrates classification of organisms

  1. Dorsal tubular nerve chord

  2. Ventral muscular heart

  3. Notochord in adult

  4. Kidneys

  5. Lateral appendages

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Correct Option: C
Explanation:
Vertebrates are also known as Euchordates. They are advanced chordates. Characteristics of phylum vertebrates are:
  • Notochord is present only in embryonic stages and in adults, it is replaced by vertebral column or backbone.
  • The heart is ventrally placed and is usually with hepatic portal system.
  • The excretory organs are paired kidneys.
  • Skin is covered by a protective skeleton which consists of lateral appendages, hair, feathers etc.
Hence, notochord in adult is not a characteristic feature of subphylum vertebrata. So, the correct answer is 'Notochord in adult'.

Which of the following is a catfish?

zoology biodiversity and its classifications vertebrates characteristics of vertebrates classification of organisms

  1. Labeo rohita

  2. Catla catla

  3. Cirrhina mrigala

  4. Wallago attu

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Correct Option: D
Explanation:
A. Labeo rohita, known as the carp fish, is found in sluggish and clear streams.
B. Catla catla, known as the major carp, is a freshwater fish.
C. Cirrhina mrigala is a ray finned fish in the genus Cirrhina.
D. Wallago attu is a freshwater catfish in the family Siluridae.
So, the correct answer is 'Wallago attu'.

Which of the following statements is true?

zoology biodiversity and its classifications vertebrates characteristics of vertebrates classification of organisms

  1. All chordates are vertebrates

  2. All vertebrates are chordates

  3. Invertebrates possess a tubular nerve cord

  4. Non-chordates have a vertebral column

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Correct Option: B
Explanation:

  • In vertebrates, notochord is present only in embryonic stages and then it is replaced by a vertebral column or backbone.
  • In chordates, notochord is present throughout the life of the organism.
Hence, all vertebrates are chordates but all chordates are not vertebrates.
So, the correct answer is 'All vertebrates are chordates'.

Pectoral fins are enlarged in

zoology biodiversity and its classifications vertebrates characteristics of vertebrates classification of organisms

  1. Hippocampus

  2. Exocoetus

  3. Coccosteus

  4. Scoliodon

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Correct Option: B
Explanation:
A. Hippocampus, commonly known as sea horse, is a small marine fish.
B. Exocoetus is known as flying fish. It has a powerful tail by which it is able to make large jumps over the surface of water. It has enlarged pectoral fins.
C. Coccosteus is a genus of extinct placoderm fishes.
D. Scoliodon is known as Dog fish. It has powerful sense of smell like that of a dog.
So, the correct answer is 'Exocoetus'.