Tag: zoology

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Multiple choice zoology respiratory system phases in respiration human respiratory system parts of respiration

Which of the following statement(s) is (are) true about respiration?
(i) During inhalation, ribs move inward and diaphragm is raised.
(ii) In the alveoli, exchange of gases takes place i.e., oxygen from alveolar air diffuses into blood and carbon dioxide from blood into alveolar air.
(iii) Haemoglobin has greater affinity for carbon dioxide than oxygen.
(iv) Alveoli increase surface area for exchange of gases.

  1. (i) and (iv)

  2. (ii) and (iii)

  3. (i) and (iii)

  4. (ii) and (iv)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

During inhalation, diaphragm contraction occurs which induces the lower ribs to move upward and forward, which also increases thoracic volume. The ribs move outward because the central tendon of the diaphragm (at the crown of the dome) pushes down onto the liver and stomach, which act like a fulcrum. Oxygen enters into the alveoli. Alveoli, is the site for gaseous exchange and they increase the surface area for facilitating the process. 
Carbon monoxide has 210 times greater affinity for haemoglobin than oxygen. Thus, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice zoology respiratory system phases in respiration human respiratory system parts of respiration

The inspiratory reserve volume + tidal volume + expiratory reserve volume is the same as

  1. inspiratory capacity + expiratory reserve volume

  2. total lung capacity - functional residual capacity

  3. inspiratory capacity + functional residual capacity

  4. inspiratory capacity + residual volume.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) + tidal volume (TV) + expiratory reserve volume (ERV) represents vital capacity (VC). Now, inspiratory capacity is the total volume of air that can be inhaled after a normal expiration. It includes tidal volume and inspiratory reserve volume i.e., IC = TV + IRV. Thus, option (a) is correct which says that vital capacity/.e., IRV + TV + ERV = IC + ERV.

Multiple choice zoology respiratory system phases in respiration human respiratory system parts of respiration

Abdominal breathing refers to

  1. Normal breathing

  2. Slow breathing

  3. Fast breathing

  4. Voluntary breathing
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Diaphragmatic or abdominal breathing is the normal pattern of breathing at rest: the abdomen protrudes as the diaphragm is lowered. It is done by contracting the diaphragm, a muscle located horizontally between the chest cavity and stomach cavity. Air enters the lungs and the belly expands during this type of breathing.This deep breathing is marked by expansion of the abdomen rather than the chest when breathing.

Multiple choice zoology respiratory system phases in respiration human respiratory system parts of respiration

Pulmonary surfactant is 

  1. Amino acid

  2. Steroid

  3. Phospholipid

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
  • Pulmonary surfactant is a surface-active lipoprotein complex (phospholipoprotein) formed by type II alveolar cells.
  •  The proteins and lipids that make up the surfactant have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions. 
  • It helps to increase pulmonary compliance, To prevent a collapse of the lung at the end of expiration. Hence, Pulmonary surfactant is a phospholipid.
So, the correct answer is ' phospholipid'.
Multiple choice zoology respiratory system phases in respiration human respiratory system parts of respiration

Which one of the following statements is not correct?

  1. Pyruvate can be converted into ethanol and carbon dioxide by yeast.

  2. Fermentation is a form of aerobic respiration.

  3. Haemoglobin has greater affinity for carbon dioxide than oxygen.

  4. Alveoli increase the surface area for the exchange of gases.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

In fermentation, the carbohydrate gets broken down, but instead of making pyruvate, the final product is a different molecule depending on the type of fermentation. Fermentation is most often triggered by a lack of sufficient amounts of oxygen to continue running the aerobic respiration chain. Humans undergo lactic acid fermentation. Instead of pyruvate, lactic acid is created instead. Other organisms can undergo alcoholic fermentation where the end product is neither pyruvate nor lactic acid. The organism makes ethyl alcohol as an end product. 

Therefore, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice zoology respiratory system phases in respiration human respiratory system parts of respiration

If a respiratory surface dries out, gas exchange will 

  1. Increase

  2. Decrease

  3. Stop

  4. Not be affected
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The respiratory surface needs moisture for maximum efficiency. Oxygen from the air dissolves in the water on the surface momentarily and this allows the oxygen more time to cross the alveolar membrane. If the surface dries out, gas exchange will happen at a very reduced rate since fast-moving gaseous oxygen molecules do not efficiently cross the alveolar membrane. The reduced gas exchange is mostly likely not enough to support blood oxygenation for vital functions. 

Therefore, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice zoology respiratory system phases in respiration human respiratory system parts of respiration

Diffusion is insufficient to meet $...............$ requirements of multicellular organisms.

  1. Carbon dioxide

  2. Oxygen

  3. Nitrogen

  4. Sulphur
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Diffusion is insufficient to meet the oxygen requirement of multicellular organisms like human because all the cells are not direct contact in environment and diffusion is a slow process. Diffusion is too slow to cover the distance between the gas exchange surface and the sites where the oxygen is required. That is why we need a gas transport system - the bloodstream. It would be difficult to allow passive diffusion to transfer oxygen because there would need to be gradients across each and every cell. In the end, it would be too slow and impractical for any multicellular organism to use.

Multiple choice zoology respiratory system phases in respiration human respiratory system parts of respiration

Match column I with column II and select the correct option from the given codes. 

Column I Column II
(A) Trachea (i) $PO _{2}$ in alveolar air 
(B) Respiratory centre (ii) ATP 
(C) Yeast (iii) Cartilaginous rings
(D) Insects (iv) Medullaoblongata
(E) Fish (v) Larynx
(F) Biologically useful energy (vi) Tracheal respiration
(G) 100mm Hg (vii) Ethanol
(H) Vocal cords (viii) Branchial respiration

  1. A-(iii), B-(iv), C-(vii), D-(vi), E-(viii), F-(ii), G-(i), H-(v)

  2. A-(v), B-(ii), C-(vii), D-(viii), E-(vi), F-(iv), G-(i), H-(iii)

  3. A-(vi), B-(iv), C-(viii), D-(v), E-(i), F-(ii), G-(iii), H-(vii)

  4. A-(i), B-(v), C-(vii), D-(iii), E-(viii), F-(ii), G-(iv), H-(vi)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

  • Trachea consists of C-shaped cartilaginous rings that support the walls of the trachea and prevent its collapse during inspiration. 
  • Respiratory centre is located in the medulla oblongata. 
  • Yeast undergoes anaerobic respiration to produce ethanol and $CO _{2}$. 
  • The type of respiration in insects and fish is tracheal respiration and branchial respiration respectively. 
  • ATP is a biologically useful energy produced during respiration. 
  • The partial pressure of $O _{2}$ in alveolar air is approximately 104 mm Hg. 
  • Vocal cords are present inside the larynx.
So the current option is A.