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Multiple choice economics environment pollution international efforts for conserving biodiversity effects of pollution on environment government efforts in pollution control

Montreal Protocol was signed in

  1. $1978$
  2. $1987$
  3. $1991$
  4. $1993$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Montreal Protocol on the substances that deplete the ozone layer was signed on 16-September-1987 in Montreal and became effective from 26-August-1989. It is the protocol to the Vienna Convention for the protection of the ozone layer. It is an international treaty that sought to phase out the halons by 1994, CFCs, by 1996, methyl bromide by 2005 and HCFCs by 2030.

Hence, the correct answer is '1987'

Multiple choice economics environment pollution international efforts for conserving biodiversity effects of pollution on environment government efforts in pollution control

Montreal Protocol was connected with

  1. Phasing out ODS

  2. Reduction in CFCs

  3. Replacing CFCs with Chlorine and Bromine

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Montreal Protocol on substances that deplete the Ozone layer was signed in 1987 and was adopted in 1989 as a protocol to the Vienna convention. Till 2016, it sought to control HCFCs and CFCs. The Kigali amendment of 2016 added HFCs under the ambit of the Montreal Protocol. Initially, the protocol was designed to reduce the production of CFCs and Halons. Later 

CCl$ _{4}$, Trichloroethane and Methyl Bromide were included.
Hence, the correct answer is 'Reduction in CFCs.'

Multiple choice economics environment pollution international efforts for conserving biodiversity effects of pollution on environment government efforts in pollution control

Appropriate measure to reduce overall green house gas emissions are commitments of

  1. Kyoto Protocol

  2. Montreal Protocol

  3. Environment Act

  4. Earth Summit
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The Kyoto Protocol was signed in 1997 under the aegis of United Nations Framework for Climate Change (UNFCC) in 1997 and got effective from 2005. It is the only legally binding protocol to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, CFCs, sulphur hexafluoride etc. Its first commitment period provided for 5% reduction.

A. Kyoto Protocol provides for greenhouse gas emission reduction.
B. Montreal Protocol provides for phasing out of ozone-depleting substances,
C. Environment Act is the domestic law providing for various environmental-related activities and their penalization when not followed.
D. Earth Summit of 1991 provided for measures to be adopted to have sustainable development.
Hence, the correct answer is 'Kyoto Protocol'.

Multiple choice economics environment pollution international efforts for conserving biodiversity effects of pollution on environment government efforts in pollution control

Global agreement to reduce release of ODS is?

  1. Viema Convention

  2. Rio de Janeiro Conference

  3. Kyoto Protocol

  4. Montreal Protocol
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
  • Montreal Protocol is an international treaty signed at Montreal (Canada) in 1987 to control the emission of ozone-depleting substances (ODS).
  • The Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer is an environmental agreement signed in 1985 that provided frameworks for international reductions in the production of chlorofluorocarbons that cause ozone depletion.
  • Rio de Janeiro Conference in 1992 was held for addressing urgent problems of environmental protection and socio-economic development at the global level.
  • The Kyoto Protocol is an international agreement linked to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, which commits its Parties to reduce greenhouse gas emissions leading to global warming.
  • So the correct answer is 'Montreal protocol'.
Multiple choice economics environment pollution international efforts for conserving biodiversity effects of pollution on environment government efforts in pollution control

Number of ozone depleters identified by Montreal Protocol (1987) was

  1. 12

  2. 8

  3. 6

  4. 4
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone, 1987 was meant to protect the ozone depletion by gradually phasing out the major ozone depleting substances. This protocol was signed to the Vienna Convention and identifies the following as ODS:

  1. CFCs
  2. Halons
  3. CCl$ _{4}$
  4. HCFCs
  5. HBFCs
  6. CH$ _{3}$Br
  7. CH$ _{2}$BrCl
  8. HFCs.

Hence, the correct answer is '8' 

Multiple choice economics environment pollution international efforts for conserving biodiversity effects of pollution on environment government efforts in pollution control

In Kyoto protocol, the major nations agreed to reduce emission of green house gases by

  1. $2008$
  2. $2010$
  3. $2012$
  4. $2018$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The Kyoto Protocol is the only legally binding agreement to reduce the greenhouse gases under the United Nations Framework For Climate Change (UNFCC). It was signed in 1997 and got effective in 2005. The participating countries have agreed to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases by an average of 5% below 1990 levels during the first commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol from 2008-2012. The Protocol targets the following greenhouse gases:

Carbon dioxide 
Methane
Nitrous oxides
Hydrofluorocarbons
Perfluorocarbons
Sulphur hexafluoride
So, the correct answer is '2012'

Multiple choice economics environment pollution international efforts for conserving biodiversity effects of pollution on environment government efforts in pollution control

Earth summit $1992$ was held at

  1. Rio-de-Janeiro

  2. Stockholm

  3. New York

  4. Geneva
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

In 1992, the Earth Summit was held at Rio-de-Janeiro at which the leaders of 178 nations gathered to support the idea of the sustainable development. There were the following outcomes of the Earth Summit:

1. Convention on climate change
2. Convention on biodiversity
3. Agenda 21 for sustainable development
The event focussed on narrowing the gap between industrialized and developing economies, poverty, war etc. The idea of the Summit was to maintain the economic and social progress along with the harmony of nature.
Hence, the correct answer is 'Rio-de-Janeiro'

Multiple choice economics environment pollution international efforts for conserving biodiversity effects of pollution on environment government efforts in pollution control

Identify the incorrectly matched pair.

  1. Chipko movement - Protection of trees

  2. Kyoto protocol - Climatic change

  3. Montreal protocol - Forest conservation

  4. Ramsar convention - Conservation and sustainable utilisation of wetlands
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Montreal Protocol is an international treaty, signed at Montreal in 1987 to control the emission of ozone-depleting substances.

So, The correct answer is (C).

Multiple choice economics environment pollution international efforts for conserving biodiversity effects of pollution on environment government efforts in pollution control

Montreal protocol is associated with ______________________.

  1. Control of emission of ozone depleting substances

  2. Control of radioactive wastes

  3. Control of desertification

  4. Protection and management of forests
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Recognising the deleterious affects of ozone depletion, an international treaty, known as the Montreal Protocol, was signed at Montreal (canada) in 1987 (effective in 1989) to control the emission of ozone depleting substances.

Multiple choice economics environment pollution international efforts for conserving biodiversity effects of pollution on environment government efforts in pollution control

Montreal protocol aims at :

  1. Control of $CO _2$ emission

  2. Reduction of ozone depleting substances

  3. Biodiversity conservation

  4. Control of water pollution
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The primary objective of the Montreal Protocol is to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production and consumption of ozone-depleting substances, such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs).