Tag: history

The Cheras were the ruling dynasty of the present-day state of Kerala and parts of Tamil Nadu in South India. Their capital was Muziri also known as Vanchi. The Early Cheras are said to have spanned the period between the 4th century BCE to 5th century CE. and the later Cheras were in power between the 8th and 12th century.

The Pandyas ruled regions in southern India which now lie in the state of Tamil Nadu, existing there alongside other dynasties such as the Cholas, the Cheras, the Pallavas, etc. Their capital was Madurai from 3rd century BCE to 1345 CE. The Pandyan kings were Jains in their early ages but later became Shaivaites.

Kurinji was the hilly, forested terrain rich with verdant slopes, flowers, birds, bees and wildlife. It was the home of the nomads, the hunters and lovers of nature. The poems of this land abound with an energy and enthusiasm characteristic of a people who thrive in the wildness of nature. Hunting and collecting of forest resources were the means of livelihood of the people in the hilly Kurinchi during Sangam age.

The megalithic monuments, ancient Tamil songs, coins, travelogues, and a few Tamil inscriptions are the major sources of information on the history of ancient tamilakam. Different types of iron tools have been discovered from these megalithic monuments. They include a sword, spear, knife, hook, lamp, nail and so on.

a pit-house is frequently called a sunken featured building and occasionally (grub-)hut or grubhouse, after the German name Grubenhaus. They are found in Burzahom in Kashmir valley.

In ancient southern India the Veualar was the term used for Large landowners.

 The gramabhojaka had the authority to collect taxes from other farmers. He also served the function of a judge and sometimes, that of a policeman. He was the biggest landowner in the village and exercised many powers. Hence, he was very powerful in the village.

Independent farmers were called Grihpatis.