Tag: history

Possible evidence indicating the earliest presence of Tamil people in modern-day Tamil Nadu are the megalithic urn burials, dating from around 1500 BCE and onwards, which have been discovered at various locations in Tamil Nadu, notably in Adichanallur in Thoothukudi District.

The people of mullai land are shepherds. Rabbits, deer, cattle, wild fowl live in the forests. Rearing of cattle was the major occupation of the people of Mullai during Sangam age

Sangam literature suggests that trade and exchange activities were often conducted during the summer, as travel and transport were more feasible during the dry season.

Sangam literature mentions the practice of exchange of goods known as noduthal. Allalavanam and Nalangadi were the markets of ancient Tamilnadu. The commodities for daily use were obtained from these markets. People procured fish and rice by exchanging honey, ghee, and tubers.

Umnar only exchanged salt during Sangam Age. In the rural markets, salt merchants known as Umanar usually produced the goods, transported them and sold them directly to the consumers, they traveled with their families in trains of carts.

The Cheras, the Pandyas, and the Cholas together were called Moovendans. The capitals of the Cheras, the Pandyas, and the Cholas were Muchiri, Madurai, and Uraiyur respectively. Muchiri, Thondi, Vakai, Mantai, Kaveripattanam, etc. were the major port cities of the period. Major trade centres in the southern part were located in these three empires.

Pepper was the major commodity that the Romans took from ancient Tamilakam. Foreign trade brought in a large amount of internationally convertible Roman currency.

The Chola dynasty was the most civilized and one of the longest ruling dynasties in the history of southern India. The dynasty originated in the rich Kaveri (Cauvery) River valley. Uraiyur (now Tiruchchirappalli) was its oldest capital.  The Chola empire stretched from the Vaigai River in the south to Tondaimandalam, the capital of which was Kanci (now Kanchipuram), in the north.

Megalithic monuments refer to the monuments made up of large stones. However, not all monuments constructed out of large stones are megalithic. Different types of iron tools have been discovered from megalithic monuments. They include a sword, spear, knife, book, lamp, nail and so on. Hence, this period is known as the Iron age in South Indian History.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

The excavation at Pattanam suggests that the site was occupied by the Iron age people for the first time, followed by Rome. A large number of Roman Amphora Sherds, Terra Sigillata Shreds, Sassanian, Yemenite and other West Asian potteries depict about the trade relations of Kerala with Rome and other West Asian countries.

Thus, the correct answer is B.