Tag: science & technology

Bette Nesmith Graham, a secretary, invented 'Mistake Out' (later Liquid Paper) in her kitchen to correct typing errors. Mary Anderson invented windshield wipers, and Margaret Knight invented the flat-bottomed paper bag machine.

Josephine Garis Cochran invented the first commercially successful hand-powered dishwasher in 1886. Lyda Newman is known for hairbrushes, and Valerie Thomas for the illusion transmitter. Julie Newmar is an actress, not an inventor.

Amanda Theodosia Jones, an American inventor, patented the vacuum-packed canning process in 1873. Her innovation involved using a vacuum to remove air from containers before sealing them, which significantly improved food preservation by reducing bacterial growth. This technique laid groundwork for modern vacuum-sealing food storage methods. Katherine Blodgett invented non-reflective glass, while Alice Parker invented a gas-powered heating furnace.

Valerie Thomas, a NASA scientist, invented the Illusion Transmitter in 1980. This optical device uses concave mirrors to create 3D optical illusions, capturing an image at one point and projecting it as a three-dimensional illusion at another point. Her invention received a NASA patent and has applications in medical imaging, television, and video technology. Mary Walton invented pollution-reduction devices, Mary Anderson invented windshield wipers, and Carol Wior invented slimming swimwear.

Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) is essential for DNA synthesis and red blood cell formation in bone marrow. Deficiency causes megaloblastic anemia where bone marrow produces immature, abnormal red blood cells. B1, B2, and B6 are important for metabolism but not directly critical for marrow function like B12.

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is widely recognized for supporting the immune system and is commonly used to help reduce the duration and severity of the common cold. While not a cure, it assists in immune defense more directly than Vitamins A, D, or E.

Vitamin E does have mild anticoagulant (blood-thinning) properties by inhibiting platelet aggregation. However, calling it 'prevents blood clotting' is an oversimplification - it only mildly reduces clotting tendency, doesn't prevent normal clotting entirely. The statement is broadly true but the effect is relatively weak.

Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) is important for skin, hair, and nail health as it supports keratin production. However, multiple B vitamins and biotin are actually more directly linked to hair/nail repair. Riboflavin deficiency causes skin/membrane issues, but the claim is somewhat oversimplified - biotin and other nutrients are equally important.

The four fat-soluble vitamins are A, D, E, and K. They dissolve in fats/oils and are stored in body tissues (especially liver). Water-soluble vitamins (B-complex and C) are not stored and excreted daily. Option C is correct.

Vitamin B complex (including B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B9, B12) and Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) are water-soluble vitamins. They dissolve in water and are not stored in the body, requiring regular intake. Fat-soluble vitamins are A, D, E, and K.