Tag: science & technology

Table sugar (white sugar) is sucrose, a disaccharide composed of one glucose and one fructose molecule. Fructose is fruit sugar, galactose is found in milk, and glucose is blood sugar.

Caffeine is the primary stimulant found in coffee, tea, and cola drinks. Theobromine is the main stimulant in chocolate, while theophylline is found in small amounts in tea but is not the primary stimulant.

Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) is commonly known as baking soda. Baking powder is a mixture of baking soda and a dry acid (usually cream of tartar), alum is potassium aluminum sulfate, and cream of tartar is an acidic byproduct of wine fermentation.

Tomatoes get their characteristic red color from lycopene, a carotenoid pigment. Beta carotene gives orange-colored vegetables like carrots their color, fructose is a sugar, and limonene is found in citrus fruits.

Chlorophyll is the primary green pigment found in plants, responsible for absorbing light energy during photosynthesis. While carotene and xanthophyll are also plant pigments, they appear orange and yellow respectively, not green. Mitochondria are organelles involved in energy production, not pigments.

Carbon dioxide is dissolved under pressure in champagne and soda, creating bubbles when released. Nitrogen is used in some beers but not common in champagne or soda. Hydrogen and oxygen are not the gases used for carbonation.

Capsaicin is the chemical compound responsible for the burning sensation in hot peppers. Acetic acid is found in vinegar, while lycopene is a red pigment in tomatoes. Sulfuric acid is a strong mineral acid unrelated to pepper heat.

Sodium chloride (NaCl) is the chemical name for common table salt. Iodine is sometimes added to salt but is not the salt itself. Potassium chloride is a salt substitute, while sodium bicarbonate is baking soda.

Ethanol (ethyl alcohol) is the type of alcohol found in alcoholic beverages, produced by yeast fermentation. Isopropyl alcohol is used as disinfectant, methanol is toxic, and propanol is not used in beverages.