Tag: kidney

The hypothalamus is located below the thalamus, just above the brainstem. It forms the ventral part of the diencephalon. 

Septum lucidum is a thin membrane of nervous tissue, that forms the medial wall of the lateral ventricles in the brain. The septum lucidum is located in the midline of the brain, between the two cerebral hemispheres. It is attached superiorly to the corpus callosum. It is attached to the anterior part of the fornix, and on either side of the structure are the two lateral ventricles. During foetal development, there is a space between the two laminae, called as the cavum septi pellucidi, which disappears during infancy. The cavum is occasionally referred to as the fifth ventricle (pseudocoel).

Ventricles are the open space or cavity in the brain which helps in relay of information. Diocoel is the cavity of the developing diencephalon, that later gives rise to the third ventricle of the brain. So, the correct answer is option C.

The osmoreceptors are specialised cells in the hypothalamus, which respond to changes in extracellular tonicity. $Na^+$ accounts for 92% of ECF tonicity, these receptors function as monitors of ECF [$Na^+$]. These receptors are called as osmo-sodium receptors. The osmoreceptors effectively respond to the ECF [$Na^+$] and this is also the factor, which effectively controls the distribution of water between intracellular and extracellular fluid.

One of the major functions of the hypothalamus is to maintain homeostasis, to keep the human body in a stable, constant condition. The hypothalamus responds to a variety of signals from the internal and external environment including body temperature, hunger, feelings of being full up after eating, blood pressure and levels of hormones in the circulation. 

Broca's area is a region in the frontal lobe of the left hemisphere in the cerebral cortex with functions linked to speech production. Broca's area is located in the lower portion of the left frontal lobe.

The temporal lobe controls hearing. The temporal lobe is located below the lateral fissure on both hemispheres of the brain.

Emotion involves two parts of the nervous system - the limbic system and the autonomic nervous system. The limbic system is a complex set of structures, that lies on both sides of the thalamus, just under the cerebrum. It includes the hypothalamus, the hippocampus, the amygdala. The hypothalamus feeds information into the amygdala. The hypothalamus acts as a regulator of emotion, controlling levels of sexual desire, pleasure, aggression and anger.

The occipital lobe is the visual processing center of the mammalian brain containing most of the anatomical region of the visual cortex. The occipital lobes are part of the forebrain. A significant functional aspect of the occipital lobe is that it contains the primary visual cortex. The optic lobes are especially prominent in fish and birds.

As we move from fish to mammals, there is an observable increase in the brain size relative to the body size. This progressive increase is mainly observed in the form of an increase in the size of cerebral hemispheres or the cerebellum. So, the correct answer is 'Cerebrum'.