Tag: technology

To ensure that audit and access logs of the application are valid in the court of law, the following requirements have to be met:

A. The log should have the URL accessed by the user: This is an important requirement as it helps in identifying the exact action taken by the user on the application.

B. Date and time logged in the logs should be in IST format: This requirement ensures that the date and time mentioned in the logs are accurate and can be easily correlated with other events.

C. Logs have to be in W3C format: This is not a mandatory requirement, but logs in W3C format are widely accepted as a standard format for web server logs.

D. System time is in sync with INDIA domain time and the logs should have uniquely identifiable information about the user: This is a crucial requirement as it helps in establishing the authenticity of the logs and the actions taken by the user. Uniquely identifiable information about the user can include the user's IP address, username, or any other information that can uniquely identify the user.

Therefore, options A, B, and D are all mandatory for the audit and access logs of the application to be valid in the court of law.

The Answer is: D

To solve this question, the user needs to have knowledge of data retention policies and best practices for managing defective media.

Option A: Using the defective media for overwriting current logs is not recommended. The data on the defective media is potentially corrupted or lost, and using it for overwriting current logs can result in further data loss or inconsistency.

Option B: This is the correct answer. Informing stakeholders and degaussing the media is the best approach for managing defective media. Degaussing the media involves exposing it to a magnetic field to erase all data stored on it. This is a secure and effective way to dispose of defective media.

Option C: Keeping the defective media safely and securely in a fireproof safe may seem like a good idea, but it is not an effective way to manage defective media. The data on the defective media is still potentially corrupted or lost, and there is no guarantee that it will remain secure in the safe.

Option D: Formatting the media is not recommended. Formatting may not be effective in erasing all data, and it may also overwrite any remaining data on the media, making it difficult or impossible to recover.

Therefore, the correct answer is:

The Answer is: B. Inform stakeholders and degauss the media.

To develop an application that includes both secured and non-secured web pages, it is important to have the login page SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) enabled in order to protect sensitive user information. The SSL protocol is used to establish a secure and encrypted connection between the user's web browser and the web server.

Now, let's go through each option and explain why it is right or wrong:

A. MITM proxy can be used to change the URL to a non-secured one - This option is a possible security vulnerability. A Man-in-the-Middle (MITM) attack can be used to intercept the user's traffic and redirect them to a non-secured URL. However, enabling SSL on the login page does not directly mitigate this threat.

B. If the login page is not SSL enabled, the credentials will be transmitted in plain text to the web server and Attacker can sniff the credentials supplied by the user - This option is correct. If the login page is not SSL enabled, the credentials supplied by the user will be transmitted in plain text, which can be sniffed by attackers. This can lead to sensitive information such as usernames and passwords being compromised.

C. Firewall logs will have the credentials in plain text - This option is incorrect. Enabling SSL on the login page does not directly affect the firewall logs. Firewall logs can capture network traffic, including login credentials, regardless of whether SSL is enabled or not.

D. Proxy logs will have the credentials in plain text - This option is also correct. If SSL is not enabled on the login page, the credentials supplied by the user will be transmitted in plain text, which can be captured by proxies. This can lead to sensitive information such as usernames and passwords being compromised.

Therefore, the correct answer is:

The Answer is: B. If the login page is not SSL enabled, the credentials will be transmitted in plain text to the web server and attacker can sniff the credentials supplied by the user.

To ensure application security during multi-staged login in an application, the developer should ensure that the credentials supplied at each stage are validated before moving to the next stage.

Option A states that the application should validate the credentials supplied at each stage only. This option is partially correct. Validation of credentials at each stage is necessary, but validating only at each stage is not enough. It is important to validate the credentials of previous stages as well to ensure security.

Option B suggests that hidden variables should be used to remember the previous stage values and current stage supplier credentials to be validated at the server end. Hidden variables can be used to store data, but they do not guarantee security. Attackers can access and modify hidden variables, which can lead to security vulnerabilities.

Option C is the correct answer. During multi-staged login, the application should validate the credentials supplied at each stage and previous stages. This ensures that all supplied credentials are correct and valid before allowing access to the application.

Option D suggests that credentials supplied at the previous stage should be saved in a cookie and current stage supplier credentials to be validated at the server end. Saving credentials in cookies can also lead to security vulnerabilities as attackers can access and modify cookies.

Therefore, the correct answer is:

The Answer is: C. During multi-staged login, the application should validate the credentials supplied at each stage and previous stages.