Tag: nuclear structure

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Multiple choice nuclear reactions nuclear structure nuclei atomic nuclei physics

One electron volt is equal to .......................

  1. $\displaystyle 1.6\times 10^{-19}$ Joule
  2. $\displaystyle 16\times 10^{-19}$ Joule
  3. $\displaystyle 1.6\times 10^{-10}$ Joule
  4. $\displaystyle 1.6\times 10^{-9}$ Joule
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

One electron volt is the energy gained by an electron accelerated through a potential difference of 1 volt, which is 1.6 * 10^-19 Joules.

Multiple choice nuclear reactions nuclear structure nuclei atomic nuclei physics

How much energy is released when a $ _{8}{O}^{16}$ nucleus is completely converted into energy?

The binding energy per nucleon of $ _{8}{O}^{16}$ is $7.97  MeV$ and ${m} _{p} = 1.0078  u$ and ${m} _{n} = 1.0087  u$

  1. $14899.438 MeV$
  2. $148.99 MeV$
  3. $4489.73 MeV$
  4. $448.973 MeV$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
Binding Energy $=E=\triangle mc^2$
$\triangle m=$ mass of nucleus $-$ (mass of proton + neutron)
Multiplying both sides by $c^2$
$\triangle mc^2=$ (mass of nucleus)$c^2 -$ (mass of proton + neutron)$c^2$
$=7.97\times 16-8(1.0078+1.0087)931 \\ E=127.52-15018.892 \\ E=-14899.438MeV$
Multiple choice nuclear reactions nuclear structure nuclei atomic nuclei physics

Using $E = m{c}^{2}$, find out the energy released, when $2  u$ of mass is destroyed completely.
Take $1  u = 1.66 \times {10}^{-27}  kg$.

  1. $4.65 MeV$
  2. $3627 MeV$
  3. $91.5 MeV$
  4. $1865 MeV$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
When $2u$ of mass is destroyed completely then
$\triangle m=2u\\ E=\triangle m{ c }^{ 2 }\\ E=2\times 931MeV\\ \therefore 1u=931Mev/{ c }^{ 2 }\\ So,E=1863MeV\approx 1865MeV$
So, (D) is correct option.
Multiple choice nuclear reactions nuclear structure nuclei atomic nuclei physics
What  describe the Einsteins equation for the relativity of mass and energy ?

  1. a small amount of mass contains a lot of energy.

  2. a small amount of energy can be converted into a large amount of mass.

  3. a small amount of mass contains a small amount of energy.

  4. mass can be converted into energy, but energy cannot be converted mass.

  5. energy can be converted into mass, but mass cannot be converted into energy.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Sir Einstein's mass-energy equation states that mass and energy can be converted into each other by the following relation.

                 $E=mc^{2}$,    ($c=$speed of light)
This implies that a small amount of mass contains a lot of energy, which can be proved with an example.
Let we have a mass of $1g=10^{-3}kg$ , therefore energy produced by it will be:
                      $E=10^{-3}\times \left(3\times10^{8}\right)^{2}=9\times10^{13}J$ 
which is a vast amount energy produced by only one gram (small mass) of mass.
Whereas a small amount of energy doesn't give a large amount of mass because for that we have to divide the energy by $c^{2}$, which gives a small mass.

Multiple choice nuclear reactions nuclear structure nuclei atomic nuclei physics
Find the accurate expressions.
  1. $E = mc^2$
  2. $E = m/c^2$
  3. $M = Ec^2$

  4. All of the expressions are accurate.
  5. $c = Em^2$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Before Sir Einstien, mass and energy were two completely different physical quantities, which were not related to each other anyway. Sir Einstein told that energy and mass are related to each other i.e. energy and mass can be converted into each other by the following relation:

      $E=mc^{2}$, called Sir Einstein's mass-energy equivalence

Multiple choice nuclear reactions nuclear structure nuclei atomic nuclei physics
Which of the following statement is accurate for an object approaching the speed of light ?

  1. The particle's mass will increase as it approaches the speed of light.

  2. The particle's mass will increase as it approaches, and then decrease when it reaches the speed of light.

  3. The particle's mass will decrease as it approaches the speed of light.

  4. The particle's dimensions will increase but it's mass will remain constant as it approaches the speed of light.

  5. All of the statements are accurate
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The mass of object as observed by a moving observer is given by $m=\dfrac{m _0}{\sqrt{1-(\dfrac{v}{c})^2}}$.

where $m _0$ is the rest mass of the object.

Hence, as speed approaches the speed of light, that is, as $v\rightarrow c$, $m\rightarrow \infty$

Multiple choice nuclear reactions nuclear structure nuclei atomic nuclei physics

The unit of rate constant for a zero order reaction is:

  1. $s^{-1}$
  2. $mol L^{-1}s^{-1}$
  3. $L mol ^{-1}s^{-1}$
  4. $L^{2} mol ^{-2}s^{-1}$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
For zero order reaction
Rate $=K[A]^0$
Rate $=K=\cfrac{d[A]}{dt}$
Unit of rate constant $=Unit\; of \; \cfrac{d[A]}{dt} \\=\cfrac{mol L^{-1}}{sec} \\=mol L^{-1} sec^{-1}$
Multiple choice nuclear reactions nuclear structure nuclei atomic nuclei physics

Which of the following assertions are correct?

  1. A neutron can decay to a proton only inside a nucleus

  2. A proton can change to a neutron only inside a nucleus

  3. An isolated neutron can change into proton

  4. An isolated proton can change into a neutron
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

A free proton is stable. A proton inside a nucleus can change into a neutron via beta-plus decay or electron capture to reach a more stable state.