Tag: bacteria; benefits and harmful effects

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Multiple choice botany bacteria bacteria - introduction, shape and structure bacteria: types and structure bacteria; benefits and harmful effects

Which one of the following is the basis of biological control of crown gall?

  1. Agro bacterium radiocasted strains contain a plasmid which directs the synthesis of bactenocin

  2. The Ti(tumour inducing) plasmid in Agro bacterium tumefactions is integrated with host plant DNA and is transcribed into mRNA

  3. The cloning strategy leading to a composite(chimeric) plasmid harbouring two or more genes that code for distinct bacteriocins against phytopathogenic bacteria

  4. Agrobacterium radiobacter plasmid interferes with the production of auxin by a tumefaction
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Agrobacterium radiobacter strain K84 is used for the biological control of crown gall disease. It produces a bacteriocin called agrocin 84, which inhibits the growth of pathogenic Agrobacterium tumefaciens.

Multiple choice botany bacteria bacteria - introduction, shape and structure bacteria: types and structure bacteria; benefits and harmful effects

Match items in Column I with those in Column II -
 

Column I Column II
(A) Peritrichous flagellation (J) Ginkgo
(B) Living fossil  (K) Macrocystes
(C) Rhizophore (L) Escherichia coli
(D) Smallest flowering plant (M) Selaginella
(E) Largest Perennial alga (N) Wolffia

Select  the correct answer with the following

  1. A L ; B J; C M ; D N ; E K

  2. A K ; B J; C L ; D M; E N

  3. A J ; B K; C N ; D L; E K

  4. A N ; B L; C K ; D N; E J
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Peritrichous flagellation is found in E. coli (A-L). Ginkgo is a living fossil (B-J). Selaginella has rhizophore (C-M). Wolffia is the smallest flowering plant (D-N). Macrocystes is a large perennial alga (E-K).

Multiple choice botany bacteria bacteria - introduction, shape and structure bacteria: types and structure bacteria; benefits and harmful effects non cellular organism : virus world of virus

Which one of the following is the most important criterion used to classify living organisms into three primary kingdoms, namely-Archaea, Eubacteria and Eukarya?

  1. Genetic relatedness

  2. Morphological characters

  3. Physiological characters

  4. Phenotypic characters
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Carl Woese proposed the three-domain system based on ribosomal RNA sequences, which serves as a measure of genetic relatedness (phylogeny) among organisms.

Multiple choice botany bacteria bacteria - introduction, shape and structure bacteria: types and structure bacteria; benefits and harmful effects non cellular organism : virus world of virus

Rhodopseudomonas and Rhodospirillum are ______________.

  1. Purple non-sulphur bacteria

  2. Green non-sulphur bacteria

  3. Green sulphur bacteria

  4. Purple sulphur bacteria
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Rhodopseudomonas and Rhodospirillum are photosynthetic bacteria that belong to the group of purple non-sulphur bacteria, which use organic compounds as electron donors.

Multiple choice botany bacteria bacteria - introduction, shape and structure bacteria: types and structure bacteria; benefits and harmful effects non cellular organism : virus world of virus

Yeast die when alcohol concentration reaches about $13$%, still yeast perform alcholic fermentation why?

  1. To obtain ATP
  2. Utilization of $O _{2}$
  3. For oxidation of $NADH _{2}$

  4. Obligate aerobic
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Yeast perform alcoholic fermentation primarily to regenerate NAD+ from NADH, which is essential for the continuation of glycolysis and the production of ATP under anaerobic conditions.

Multiple choice botany bacteria bacteria - introduction, shape and structure bacteria: types and structure bacteria; benefits and harmful effects non cellular organism : virus world of virus

Cell division is a type of reproduction in 

  1. Unicellular organisms

  2. Multicellular organisms

  3. Both A and B

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Cell division is the process in which a parent cell divides into two or more daughter cells. The unicellular organism divides and results in the formation of daughter cells and hence, cell division is a type of reproduction in unicellular organisms. Thus, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice botany bacteria bacteria - introduction, shape and structure bacteria: types and structure bacteria; benefits and harmful effects non cellular organism : virus world of virus

Choose the correct answers from the alternatives given.
Surface appendages used by -bacteria to attach to one another and to host organisms are called:

  1. thylakoids

  2. mesosomes

  3. pili

  4. spirilla
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
A pilus is a thin, rigid fiber made of protein that protrudes from the cell surface. The primary function of pili is to attach a bacterial cell to specific surfaces or to other cells. So, the correct option is 'pili'.
Multiple choice botany bacteria bacteria - introduction, shape and structure bacteria: types and structure bacteria; benefits and harmful effects non cellular organism : virus world of virus

Which of the following organisms do not depend on reproduction to exchange genetic information?

  1. Animals

  2. Plants

  3. Bacteria

  4. Fungi
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Bacteria have three mechanism for genetic information transfer without undergoing reproduction-
1. Transformation- take up free fragment of DNA floating in medium. 
2. Transduction- transfer of DNA by a virus bacteriophage.
3. Conjugation- direct cell to cell transfer of DNA mediated by plasmid. So, option C is correct, all other options depend on reproduction for exchange of genetic material.

Multiple choice botany bacteria bacteria - introduction, shape and structure bacteria: types and structure bacteria; benefits and harmful effects non cellular organism : virus world of virus

Select the pair that shows the same relationship as the animals in the box.
Amoeba : Paramecium.

  1. Rhizopus : Chlamydomonas

  2. Candida : Saccharomyces

  3. Pteridium : Fasciola

  4. Albugo : Adiantum
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Amoeba and Paramecium are both unicellular protists. Similarly, Rhizopus (a fungus) and Chlamydomonas (an alga) are both eukaryotic microorganisms, though the relationship is broader than the original pair.

Multiple choice botany the world of microbes bacteria - introduction, shape and structure bacteria: types and structure bacteria; benefits and harmful effects non cellular organism : virus world of virus
Correct sequence of layer of bacterial cell envelope from outward to inward is
  1. Cell wall $\rightarrow$ Glycocalyx $\rightarrow$Cell membrane
  2. Cell membrane $\rightarrow$ Glycocalyx $\rightarrow$ Cell wall
  3. Glycocalyx $\rightarrow$ Cell wall $\rightarrow$ Cell membrane
  4. Glycocalyx $\rightarrow$ Cell membrane $\rightarrow$ Cell wall
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Glycocalyx is the outermost layer of the cell envelope. Cell wall lies between plasma membrane and glycocalyx.

So, the correct answer is 'Glycocalyx → Cell wall → Cell membrane'.