Tag: bacteria; benefits and harmful effects

Questions Related to bacteria; benefits and harmful effects

Broad spectrum antibiotic, chloramphenicol is produced by

botany bacteria bacteria - friend and foe useful and harmful bacteria bacteria; benefits and harmful effects

  1. Streptomyces venezuelae

  2. Streptomyces griseus

  3. Streptomyces aureofaciens

  4. Bacillus subtilis

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
Chloramphenicol/chloromycetin is an antibiotic that is used in the treatment of a many bacterial infections like conjunctivitis, meningitis, cholera, typhoid fever. It is a broad spectrum antibiotic. It is produced by bacteria Streptomyces venezuelae. 
Thus, the correct answer is 'Streptomyces venezuelae.'

Select the correct combination of the statement (1-4) regarding the characteristics of certain organisms. 
(1) Methanogens are Archaebacteria, which produce methane in marshy areas.
(2) Nostoc is a filamentous blue-green alga, which fixes atmospheric nitrogen.
(3) Chemosynthetic autotrophic bacteria synthesize cellulose from glucose.
(4) Mycoplasma lacks a cell wall and can survive without oxygen.
The correct statements are 

botany bacteria bacteria - friend and foe useful and harmful bacteria bacteria; benefits and harmful effects

  1. (2) and (3)

  2. (1), (2) and (3)

  3. (2), (3) and (4)

  4. (1), (2) and (4)

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Methanogens are microorganisms that produce methane as a metabolic byproduct in anoxic conditions. They are classified as Archaea, a domain distinct from bacteria. They are common in wetlands, where they are responsible for marsh gas. Cyanobacteria are often called as blue-green algae. Cyanobacteria are a photosynthetic nitrogen fixing group that survive in wide variety of habitats, soils, and water. Mycoplasma refers to a genus of bacteria that lack a cell wall. Mycoplasma can survive without oxygen.

Find out the correct match

botany bacteria bacteria - friend and foe useful and harmful bacteria bacteria; benefits and harmful effects

  1. AIDS - Bacillus anthracis

  2. Syphilis - Treponema pallidum

  3. Gonorrhoea - Leishmania donovanii

  4. Urethritis - Entamoeba gingivalis

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

AIDS (Acquired Immunity Deficiency Syndrome) is a sexually transmitted disease. It is caused by HIV virus. Syphilis is a serious disease caused by spirochete Treponema pallidum. It is also a sexually transmitted disease. Gonorrhoea is a sexually transmitted infection caused by bacteria Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Urethritis is inflammation of the urethra. It is caused by bacterial infection caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae or Chlamydia trachomatis.

Thus, the correct answer is 'Syphilis - Treponema pallidum.'

Which one is a bacterial disease?

botany bacteria bacteria - friend and foe useful and harmful bacteria bacteria; benefits and harmful effects

  1. Anthrax

  2. Tick fever

  3. Coccidiosis

  4. Rinderpest

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Anthrax is a bacterial disease caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis. It can occur in four forms: skin, lungs, intestinal, and injection. It commonly affects grazing animals like sheep, pigs, cattle, horses, goats. However, it rarely affects humans as well. Tick fever is a disease spread by the bite of an infected tick. It is caused by spirochete species like Borelliahermsii, Borelliaparkerii. Symptoms include fever, headache, muscles pains, rash. Coccidiosis is a disease of the intestinal tract of animals caused by coccidian protozoa. Symptoms include droopiness, loss of appetite, pale combs and wattles, blood or mucus in the feces, diarrhea, dehydration. Rinderpest is a disease of cattle caused by a paramyxovirus. Symptoms include fever, dysentery, inflammation of the mucous membranes.

Thus, the correct answer is 'Anthrax.'

Match the columns and find out the correct combination

Column I Column II
(a) Treponetna pallidum (i) Plague
(b) Yersiniaspestis (ii) Anthrax
(c) Bacillus anthracis (iii) Syphilis
(d) Vibrio (iv) Cholera
botany bacteria bacteria - friend and foe useful and harmful bacteria bacteria; benefits and harmful effects

  1. (a)-(i), (b)-(iii), (c)-(ii), (d)-(iv)

  2. (a)-(iii), (b)-(i), (c)-(ii), (d)-(iv)

  3. (a)-(iv), (b)-(iii), (c)-(i), (d)-(ii)

  4. (a)-(ii), (b)-(iii), (c)-(i), (d)-(iv)

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

a) Treponema pallidum is a spirochaete bacterium that causes syphilis. Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease. 

b) Yersinia pestis is a Gram-negative bacterium that causes Plague. It is also called the black death. It is transmitted to humans by the bite of infected fleas. c) Bacillus anthracis is a bacterium that causes Anthrax disease. It usually affects ruminants like sheep, horse.
d) Vibrio cholerae is a Gram-negative bacteria that causes cholera. It causes severe watery diarrhoea.

Thus, the correct answer is '(a)-(iii), (b)-(i), (c)-(ii), (d)-(iv).'

Citrus canker is caused by

botany bacteria bacteria - friend and foe useful and harmful bacteria bacteria; benefits and harmful effects

  1. Bacteria

  2. Virus

  3. Fungus

  4. Alga

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Citrus canker is a disease that is caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas axonopodis. It affects the Citrus species of fruits such as lime, oranges, grapefruit. It results in the lesions on the leaves, stems, fruit and other parts of the citrus plants.

Thus, the correct answer is 'Bacteria.' 

Match items of column I with those of column II and choose the correct combinations.

Column I Column II
a Pneumonia p Vibrio comma
b Citrus Canker q Mycobacterium leprae
c Cholera r Yersinia pestis
d Leprosy s Xanthomonas citri
t Diplococcus pneumoniae
botany bacteria bacteria - friend and foe useful and harmful bacteria bacteria; benefits and harmful effects

  1. a-t, b-s, c-p, d-q

  2. a-t, b-q, c-s, d-q

  3. a-t, b-s, c-q, d-p

  4. a-t, b-q, c-p, d-s

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

  • Pneumonia is a serious disease caused by Diplococcus pneumoniae. It affects the lungs.
  • Citrus canker disease is caused by bacterium Xanthomonas axonopodis. It affects citrus species like sweet lime, lemon.
  • Cholera is caused by Vibrio cholerae. It results in the severe watery diarrhea.
  • Leprosy is a serious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. It affects the skin, nervous system, mucosal surfaces of the upper respiratory tract and the eyes.
Thus, the correct answer is 'a-t, b-s, c-p, d-q.'

Application of penicillin on bacterial cell inhibits the synthesis of 

botany bacteria bacteria - friend and foe useful and harmful bacteria bacteria; benefits and harmful effects

  1. DNA

  2. RNA

  3. Cell wall

  4. Protein

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The antibiotics are the chemical substances produced by the natural metabolic processes of bacteria and fungi as their natural defense against other microorganisms. Penicillin is an antibiotic that target the peptide cross-links in the peptidoglycan and disrupt the cell wall integrity. Exposure of penicillin to bacteria stops the cell wall synthesis by inhibition of formation of peptide linkage and bacteria become protoplast (a fragile cell bounded only by a membrane) which is highly susceptible to lysis.  Thus, the correct answer is option C.

Natural decomposition of dead remains of animal, is largely, carried out by 

botany bacteria bacteria - friend and foe useful and harmful bacteria bacteria; benefits and harmful effects

  1. Prion

  2. Fungi

  3. Viruses

  4. Algae

Show answer
Correct Option: B

Wide spread use of chemicals in agriculture and industry has

botany bacteria bacteria - friend and foe useful and harmful bacteria bacteria; benefits and harmful effects

  1. Heath impacts

  2. Polluted the environment

  3. Less fertility of soil

  4. Air pollution

Show answer
Correct Option: B