Tag: immune system of the body

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Questions Related to immune system of the body

Multiple choice zoology aids to health immunity and the lines of immunity immune system of the body immunity and blood groups

Which of the following body defense mechanism traps, engulfs and sweeps disease-causing agents towards the body openings?

  1. Body secretions

  2. Enzymes and compounds in the blood

  3. Mucous membrane

  4. Immune system
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

. The mucous membrane is the epithelial tissue which lines several organs and secretes mucus. It stops pathogens and dirt from entering the body and to prevent bodily tissues by pushing disease causing agents towards body opening, it also prevents organs from  dehydration


So, the correct answer is 'Mucous membrane'

Multiple choice zoology aids to health immunity and the lines of immunity immune system of the body immunity and blood groups

A quick immune response that often eliminates the infection or keeps it in check until a specific acquired immune response can develop is called

  1. A nonspecific response, including macrophages and other nonspecific white blood cells.

  2. Acquired immunity, which develops after antibodies bind to specific antigens.

  3. The cell-mediated response in which T cells bind to antigen presenting cells (APCs).

  4. The humoral response where B cells that develop in the bone marrow produce plasma B cells.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Innate immune system is quick and non specific, it is the 1$^{st}$ immediate response of the body on infection. It is also referred to as primary response that would eliminate certain number of pathogens keeping the infection in check. 

So, the correct answer is 'A nonspecific response, including macrophages and other nonspecific white blood cells'


Multiple choice zoology aids to health immunity and the lines of immunity immune system of the body immunity and blood groups

Passive immunization was first developed by

  1. Robert Koch

  2. L. Pasteur

  3. Robert Hooke

  4. Emil von Behring and Kitasato
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Passive immunity is the transfer of active humoral immunity in the form of ready-made antibodies, from one individual to another. Passive immunity can occur naturally when maternal antibodies are transferred to the fetus through the placenta or can be induced artificially, when high levels of human antibodies specific for a pathogen or toxin are transferred to non-immune individuals.
Emil Adolf von Behring and Kitasato Shibasaburo discovered the antitoxin-based immunity to diphtheria and tetanus and antitoxin became the first major success of modern therapeutic immunology.

So, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice zoology aids to health immunity and the lines of immunity immune system of the body immunity and blood groups

Which one of the following is devoid of macrophages?

  1. Lymph nodes

  2. Connective tissue

  3. Lungs

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

A. The lymph node is in the form of fibres called reticulum with white blood cells attached to it,  lymph sinus is lined by reticular cells and macrophages.

B. Macrophages are derived from monocytes (WBCs) and found in the connective tissue such as blood the bloodstream and they mature into macrophages as they leave the bloodstream.
C. Macrophage in the lungs are called alveolar macrophages or dust cell and clears the air spaces from infectious and toxic particles that have entered the body.
So the correct answer is 'None of the above'.

Multiple choice zoology aids to health immunity and the lines of immunity immune system of the body immunity and blood groups

The method of passive immunity was discovered by

  1. Pasteur

  2. Von Behring

  3. Koch

  4. Jenner
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
  • Passive immunity is the protection against disease through antibodies produced by another human being or animal.
  • Passive immunity doesn't last as long as active immunity.
  • Emil von Behring was awarded the first Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1901 for his discovery of serum therapy for diphtheria. He showed that serum from rabbits immunized with tetanus toxin could prevent tetanus in rabbits because it contains antibodies against tetanus.
  • Hence the method of passive immunity was discovered by Von Behring.
  •  So, the correct answer is 'Von Behring'.
Multiple choice zoology aids to health immunity and the lines of immunity immune system of the body immunity and blood groups

Passive immunity is provided through

  1. Exogenous supply of antigens

  2. Exogenous supply of antibodies

  3. Endogenous supply of antigens

  4. Endogenous supply of antibodies
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Passive immunity is the transfer of active humoral immunity of ready-made antibodies (exogenous). Passive immunity can occur naturally, when maternal antibodies are transferred to the fetus through the placenta, and it can also be induced artificially when high levels of antibodies specific to a pathogen or toxin are transferred to non-immune persons through blood products that contain antibodies. Passive immunization can be provided when people cannot synthesize antibodies, and when they have been exposed to a disease against which a person is not immunized.

So, the correct answer is 'Exogenous supply of antibodies'.

Multiple choice zoology aids to health immunity and the lines of immunity immune system of the body immunity and blood groups

Active immunity is due to 

  1. Memory cells

  2. Killer T-cells

  3. Helper T-cells

  4. Suppressor T-cells
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
Active immunity is the induction of immunity after exposure to an antigen. Antibodies are created by the recipient and may be stored permanently due to the activation of memory cells which recognizes the same antigen in future and destroy them. Active immunity can occur naturally when a microbe or other antigen is received by a person who has not yet come into contact with the microbe and has no pre-made antibodies for defence. The immune system will eventually create antibodies for the microbe, but this is a slow process.
So, the correct answer is 'Memory cells'.
Multiple choice zoology aids to health immunity and the lines of immunity immune system of the body immunity and blood groups

Which of the following properties of acquired immunity is the basis of vaccination?

  1. Specificity

  2. Diversity

  3. Memory

  4. Discrimination between self and nonself
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Vaccination is the administration of antigenic material (a vaccine) to stimulate an individual's immune system to develop acquired immunity to a pathogen. Upon administration of attenuated or inactivated antigen (vaccine), the antibodies are produced by plasma cells and memory cells are activated. When the same antigen attacks the person in future, the memory cells recognize the antigen and promotes phagocytosis.

So, the correct answer is 'Memory'.

Multiple choice zoology aids to health immunity and the lines of immunity immune system of the body immunity and blood groups

Number of lymphocytes present in a healthy human is

  1. 1 trillion

  2. 100 billion

  3. 10 trillion

  4. 100 trillion
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

A lymphocyte is one of the subtypes of white blood cell in a vertebrate's immune system. Lymphocytes include natural killer cells (which function in cell-mediated, cytotoxic innate immunity), T cells (for cell-mediated, cytotoxic acquired immunity), and B cells (for humoral, antibody-driven adaptive immunity). The total number of lymphocytes present in healthy humans is approximately 1 trillion.

So, the correct answer is '1 trillion'.

Multiple choice zoology aids to health immunity and the lines of immunity immune system of the body immunity and blood groups

Immunity accquired after an infection is 

  1. Active immunity

  2. Passive immunity

  3. Innate immunity

  4. Both B and C
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Active immunity is the induction of immunity after exposure to an antigen. Antibodies are created by the recipient and may be stored permanently due to the activation of memory cells which recognizes the same antigen in future and destroy them. Active immunity can occur naturally when a microbe or other antigen is received by a person who has not yet come into contact with the microbe and has no pre-made antibodies for defence.

So, the correct answer is 'Active immunity'.