Tag: air pollution - effects and control

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Multiple choice economics environmental economics acid rain air pollution - effects and control air pollution and its effects

The term acid rain was given by

  1. Fourier

  2. Angus

  3. Tyndall

  4. Linnaeus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The term acid rain was coined in 1872 by Robert Angus Smith. The acid rain is contains water having pH around 5.6. When the air pollutants like oxides of nitrogen and oxides of sulphur reach the troposphere, they react with the water or moisture and forms acids like nitric acid, nitrous acid or sulphuric acid. These acids then precipitate with the rain to form the acid rain. Hence, the correct answer is 'Angus'.

Multiple choice economics environmental economics acid rain air pollution - effects and control air pollution and its effects

How does acid precipitation(acid rain) affect plants?

  1. It releases H$+$ ions, thereby increasing the of rate photophosphorylation in green cells

  2. It precipitates organic acids in palisades cells of leaves, thereby inhibiting respiration

  3. It injuries foliage leading to reduction in photosynthesis, biomass and occasionally death

  4. It precipitates toxic nutrients in soil leading to growth inhibition in trees
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Acid precipitation lowers soil and water pH and directly damages plant foliage, leading to reduced photosynthetic capacity, lower biomass accumulation, and occasionally plant death.

Multiple choice economics environmental economics acid rain air pollution - effects and control air pollution and its effects

Acid rains are produced by

  1. Excess $ { NO } _{ x } $ and $ { SO }_{ 2 } from burning fossil fuels
  2. Excess production of $ { NH } _{ 3 } $ by industries and power plants

  3. Excess release of carbon monoxide by incomplete combustion of fossil fuels
  4. Excess release of $ { CO } _{ 2 } $ by combustion and animal respiration.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Acid rain is caused by large-scale emission of acidic gases into the atmosphere from thermal power plants, industries, and automobiles. The common ones are sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides NOx, volatile organic carbons VOCs and hydrogen chloride. NOx is also produced in the atmosphere through lightning. Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are changed in the atmosphere into sulphuric acid and nitric acid by combining with oxygen and water.

So, the correct answer is 'Excess NOx and $ { SO }_{ 2 } from burning fossil fuels'.

Multiple choice economics environmental economics acid rain air pollution - effects and control air pollution and its effects

Which of the following causes regional pollution?

  1. Smog

  2. Acid rain
  3. $O _3$ layer depletion

  4. Both A and B
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
Smog is formed of smoke and fog and is particularly a pressing problem for large metropolitan cities. The constituents of smog are ground-level ozone, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds. The sources of these pollutants are emissions from vehicles, smokestack emission paints etc. 
Acid rain is formed when sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides react with water and oxygen forming more acidic pollutant. Areas having industrial abundance are prone to acid rains. The major sources are coal-fired power plants, burning of fossil fuels etc.
Hence, the correct answer is 'Both A and B'
Multiple choice economics environmental economics acid rain air pollution - effects and control air pollution and its effects

In acid rain, $SO _2$, sulphuric acid accounts for

  1. $100\%$
  2. $30\%$
  3. $50\%$
  4. $70\%$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Acid rain is caused by a chemical reaction. Basically, rain that has unusually low pH is called acid rain. The most common chemicals that cause acid rain are sulphur oxides and nitric oxides. These substances rise high in the atmosphere where they react with water, oxygen and other chemicals to form more acidic pollutant. Sulphur dioxide on reaction with water and oxygen forms sulphur trioxide which is rapidly converted into sulphuric acid in presence of water. It accounts for 70% volume in acid rain.

Hence, the correct answer is '70%'.

Multiple choice economics environmental economics acid rain air pollution - effects and control air pollution and its effects
Acid rain is caused by a chemical reaction that begins when compounds like sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are released into the air. These substances can rise very high into the atmosphere, where they mix and react with water, oxygen, and other chemicals to form more acidic pollutants.

  1. True

  2. False
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
Acid rain is caused by a chemical reaction that begins when compounds like sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are released into the air. These substances can rise very high into the atmosphere, where they mix and react with water, oxygen and other chemicals to form more acidic pollutants, known as acid rain.
Acid rain is a rain or any other form of precipitation that is unusually acidic, meaning that it possesses elevated levels of hydrogen ions (low pH). It can have harmful effects on plants, aquatic animals and infrastructure. Acid rain is caused by emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide, which react with the water molecules in the atmosphere to produce acids.
Multiple choice economics environmental economics acid rain air pollution - effects and control air pollution and its effects

What is an estimated damage caused by acid rain to buildings in USA?

  1. 3 billion $ a Year
  2. 4 billion $ a Year
  3. 9 billion $ a Year
  4. 5 billion $ a Year
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Estimates regarding the economic impact of acid rain on buildings vary, but 5 billion dollars per year is a commonly cited figure in environmental science textbooks for the USA.

Multiple choice economics environmental economics acid rain air pollution - effects and control air pollution and its effects

Acid rain is capable of damaging the buildings and historic monuments which are made up of rocks such as limestone and marble. Which among the following is the end product of such reaction?

  1. Quick Lime

  2. Calcium Carbonate

  3. Calcium Hydroxide

  4. Gypsum
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

When sulfuric acid in acid rain reacts with calcium carbonate (limestone/marble), it produces calcium sulfate, commonly known as gypsum, which is water-soluble and washes away.

Multiple choice economics environmental economics acid rain air pollution - effects and control air pollution and its effects

Burning of coal produces oxides of sulphur and nitrogen which combined with water vapor leads to

  1. acid rain

  2. brackish water

  3. forest fire

  4. soil pollution
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides emitted from burning coal react with atmospheric moisture to form sulfuric and nitric acids, resulting in acid rain.