Tag: air pollution - effects and control

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Multiple choice economics environmental economics acid rain air pollution - effects and control air pollution and its effects

Acid rain is the downpour of

  1. carbon dioxide in rain

  2. dust in rain

  3. sulphur dioxide in rain

  4. oxygen in rain
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

When the pH of raindrops down below 5.5 it is called acid rain. It occurs because of oxides of sulphur (SO2) and nitrogen (NO) which on reacting with water in the atmosphere form sulphuric acid and nitric acid. These acids then come down on earth along with rain and thus, making the rain acidic. Hence, acid rain is the downpour of sulphur dioxide (SO2) and nitric oxide (NO).

So, the correct answer is 'sulphur dioxide in rain'.

Multiple choice economics environmental economics acid rain air pollution - effects and control air pollution and its effects

Recent reports of acid rains industrial cities are due to the effect of atmospheric pollution by?

  1. Excessive releases of $NO _2$ and $SO _2$ by burning of fossil fuels
  2. Excessive release of $CO _2$ by burning of fuel like wood and charcoal, cutting of forests and increased animal population
  3. Excessive release of $NH _3$ by industrial plants and coal gas

  4. Excessive release of CO in atmosphere by incomplete combustion of coke, charcoal and other carbonaceous fuels in pancity of oxygen
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

the biggest cause of acid rain today is Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides released into the air by fossil-fuel power plants, oil refineries, and vehicles, that react with rain water to form sulphuric acid and nitric acid respectively

So, the correct answer is 'Excessive releases of $NO _2$ and $SO _2$ by burning of fossil fuels'

Multiple choice economics environmental economics acid rain air pollution - effects and control air pollution and its effects

Acid rain is due to

  1. combustion to fossil fuels

  2. oxides of sulphur and nitrogen

  3. oil slick

  4. nuclear wastes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
Acid rain has a pH of less than 5.2. When the pollutants, oxides of sulphur and nitrogen emitted in the atmosphere react with water, they form sulphuric acid and nitric acid respectively which come down on earth along with the rain. Due to this, the rain becomes acidic. The reactions of the formation of nitric acid and sulfuric acid in the atmosphere are as follows:
SO2 + O2 ---> SO3
SO3 + H2O ---> H2SO4
NO + [O] ---> N2O5
N2O5 + H20 ---> HNO3

So, the correct answer is 'Oxides of sulphur and nitrogen'.

Multiple choice economics environmental economics acid rain air pollution - effects and control air pollution and its effects

What compounds are identified as contributing to acid rain?

  1. Carbon dioxide

  2. Sulphur and nitrogen oxides

  3. Mercury oxides

  4. Phosphates
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Acid rain is a rain that is usually acidic (elevated levels of hydrogen ions) or low pH. It can have harmful effects on plants and aquatic animals. Acid rain is caused by emission of sulphur dioxides and nitrogen oxides which react with water molecule in the atmosphere to produce acids.

Multiple choice economics environmental economics acid rain air pollution - effects and control air pollution and its effects

Acid rain is produced when rain mixes with gases such as sulphur dioxide. This will eventually result in

  1. Lowering of pH and changes of temperature in ponds

  2. Raising of pH in ponds, encouraging growth of if microorganisms

  3. Lowering of pH in ponds, limiting survival of aquatic organisms

  4. Raising of pH in ponds, limiting development of organisms
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The ecological effects of acid rain are most clearly seen in the aquatic environments, such as streams, lakes, etc. Acid rain flows into streams, lakes and marshes after falling on forests, fields, building and roads. Acid rain water primarily decreases the pH of water sources from normal range (6 to 8 pH) Lakes and streams become acidic (i.e., pH values goes down), when water itself and its surrounding soil cannot buffer the acid rain water to neutralize it. In areas where buffering capacity is low, acid rain releases aluminium from soils into lakes and streams, aluminium is highly toxic to many species of aquatic organisms leading to their mortality. Therefore, limiting the survival of aquatic animals. So, the correct answer is 'Lowering of pH in ponds, limiting survival of aquatic organisms'.

Multiple choice economics environmental economics acid rain air pollution - effects and control air pollution and its effects

In acid rain, sulphuric acid accounts for 

  1. 100% of acid

  2. 70% of acid

  3. 50% of acid

  4. 30% of acid
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Acid rain is acidic with a pH of below 5.6. Rain becomes acidic because of gases that dissolve in the rain. Approximately 70% of acid rain is a result of dissolved sulfur dioxide ($SO _2$), which forms sulphuric acid. The remaining 30% or so comes from various nitrogen oxides (mostly $NO _2$ and $NO _3$, which has collectedly called NOx). There are also a small percentage of hydrochloric acid and carbonic acid.

The equation is as follows: 
Sulphuric acid when it joins with hydrogen atoms in the air: 
$SO _3$(g) + $H _2O$ (l) = $H _2SO _4$ (aq). 
In the air, the nitrogen ion becomes nitric or nitrous acid: 
$NO _2$(g) + $H _2O$(l) = $HNO _3$ (aq) + $HNO _2$(aq).