Tag: phanerogams

Phanerogams, also known as spermatophytes, refer to "all seed plants". Gymnosperms are the seed bearing plants wherein seeds are naked i.e. not enclosed by ovary or fruit. Angiosperms are seed bearing plants wherein seeds are enclosed within ovary or fruit. Since both gymnosperms and angiosperms are seed-bearing plants and therefore are included under phanerogams. Pteridophytes are categorized under cryptogams, not under phanerogams, as they do not form seed or flowers. Thus, the correct answer is option E.

The flowering plants or Angiosperms are classified into two groups monocots and dicots on the basis of the nature of embryo in the seed. In monocots , the  vascular tissue is scattered throughout the stem with no particular arrangement and has no cortex. It has single cotyledon in seeds and parallel venation in leaves. Whereas, in dicots, the vascular tissue is arranged in a ring and  is divided into a cortex and stele. It has two cotyledons in seeds with reticulate venation in leaves. Thus, the correct answer is option E.

Venation is the structure of the veins of the leaf. Veins transport liquids and nutrients to the cells of the leaves, and they carry photosynthetic products back to the remaining parts of the tree. Monocot leaves possess parallel venation, meaning the veins of the leaf run in parallel lines. Examples of these types of leaves include grasses, lilies and tulips. 

Mycorrhizae are the symbiotic fungi that reside in roots of higher plants and increase soil fertility by nitrogen fixation. The fungus obtains carbon compounds produced by photosynthesis from roots while the plants obtain minerals, such as phosphorus extracted by fungal threads from the soil. Thus, the correct answer is E. 

The angiosperms are the flowering plants in which the enclosed seeds are produced. After fertilization, the ovules transform to form the seeds and the ovary develops to form the fruit. The seeds are enclosed within the fruit as compared to gymnosperms in which the seeds are naked. 

The pteridophytes are the plants in which the leaves are divided into small leaflets called fronds. The angiosperms are the flowering plants which include the non-woody trees and shrubs. The plant body is divided into stem, roots, and leaves. These are seed-producing plants and the seeds are covered with a seed coat. 

The angiosperms are the only plants which can produce flowers which are involved in the sexual reproduction. The petals are the parts of the flowers. The seeds are produced which are covered with the seed coat. There is the production of a fleshy fruit formed by the ovary after fertilization takes place.