Tag: dna fingerprinting

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Multiple choice zoology mutation dna fingerprinting human genome project and dna fingerprinting instruments in biotechnology

Best method to determine paternity is

  1. Protein analysis

  2. Chromosome counting

  3. Gene counting

  4. DNA finger printing
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

About 3% or so of the human genome has highly repetitive sequences termed as simple-sequence DNA or satellite DNA that are repeated in multiples per cell and generate tandem repeats. This DNA polymorphism is revealed during DNA finger printing in the identification of paternity since it is very remote possibility to have two individuals same repeats of satellite DNA throughout the genome except they share a biological relationship. This is because a child gets half DNA from father and half from the mother. Restriction enzymes of genome produce the restriction fragments length polymorphisms, or RFLPs depending on the location of restriction sites which are then sorted by gel electrophoresis followed by southern blotting. The blots of parental and child genome are compared for sequence homology using radioactive probes; option D is correct. 

Protein analysis studies protein structure and function using sequence comparisons, structural and functional assumptions which are useful in the detection of expression of newly introduced genes or in the detection of phylogenetic relationship; two individual do not necessarily express protein polymorphism which makes option A incorrect. 
As we know that all human have 23 pairs of chromosomes which store around 20,000-25,000 genes; chromosome counting and gene counting does not provide any polymorphism to identify paternity which makes options B and C incorrect. Therefore, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice zoology mutation dna fingerprinting human genome project and dna fingerprinting instruments in biotechnology

Genetic counsellors can identify heterozygous individuals by

  1. Height of individuals

  2. Colour of individuals

  3. Screening procedures

  4. All of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
Genetic counselling is about giving information and advice about the, risks of genetic diseases and their outcomes. Genetic screening is a part of genetic counselling which includes prenatal diagnosis, carrier diagnosis and predictive diagnosis.
Genetic counsellors use screening procedure, where sample of blood, hair follicle etc is processed to extract DNA, the DNA is profiled and specific areas  are identified
So, the correct answer is C 'Screening procedures'


Multiple choice zoology mutation dna fingerprinting human genome project and dna fingerprinting instruments in biotechnology

DNA finger printing is useful in

  1. Study of polymorphism

  2. Forensic chemical analysis

  3. Analysis of identity and relationship

  4. All the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

DNA fingerprinting is a versatile technique used for identifying individuals, determining biological relationships, and analyzing genetic polymorphism in forensic and medical contexts.

Multiple choice zoology mutation dna fingerprinting human genome project and dna fingerprinting instruments in biotechnology

A - The DNA finger print is the same for every cell, tissue and organ of a person.
R - DNA fingerprint is used for treatment of inherited disorders like Huntigton's disease, Alzheimer's and Sickle cell anemia.

  1. A and R both are correct. R is explanation of A

  2. A and R both are correct but R is not explanation of A

  3. A is correct and R is wrong

  4. A is wrong and R is correct
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

DNA fingerprint is the unique DNA pattern of each individual. It is the same for every cell, tissue and organ of an individual. DNA fingerprinting is a method used to identify an individual on the basis of unique patterns of its DNA. It is used in the diagnosis of inherited disorders like cystic fibrosis, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, Sickle cell anemia.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

Multiple choice zoology mutation dna fingerprinting human genome project and dna fingerprinting instruments in biotechnology

Which of the following is unique in every human being?

  1. Satellite DNA

  2. NOR

  3. Microsatellite DNA

  4. Mini-micro-satellite DNA
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
A mini-micro-satellite is a tract of repetitive DNA in which certain DNA motifs (ranging in length from 10–60 base pairs) are typically repeated 5-50 times. Minisatellites occur at more than 1,000 locations in the human genome and they are notable for their high mutation rate and high diversity in the population.
So, the correct answer is 'Mini-micro-satellite.'
Multiple choice zoology mutation dna fingerprinting human genome project and dna fingerprinting instruments in biotechnology

Minisatellite sequences are repeat units with base pairs

  1. 2 - 6

  2. 6 - 30

  3. 11 - 60

  4. 21 - 100.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

A minisatellite is a tract of repetitive DNA in which certain DNA motifs (ranging in length from 10–60 base pairs) are typically repeated 5-50 times. ... Minisatellites and their shorter cousins, the microsatellites, together are classified as VNTR (variable number of tandem repeats) DNA.

So, the correct answer is '11-60.'

Multiple choice zoology mutation dna fingerprinting human genome project and dna fingerprinting instruments in biotechnology

Gene amplification requires besides sample DNA

  1. Nucleotides

  2. Nucleotides and polymerases

  3. Alternate heating and cooling

  4. Both B and C
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is an amplification technique for cloning the specific or targeted parts of a DNA sequence to generate thousands to millions of copies of DNA of interest. This molecular “xeroxing” process involves heating and cooling samples in a precise thermal cycling pattern over ≈30 cycles. PCR uses a small amount of template DNA, two primers that flank the target sequence, nucleotides, and thermostable DNA polymerase to amplify a specific region of DNA.

So, the correct answer is 'Both B and C.'

Multiple choice zoology mutation dna fingerprinting human genome project and dna fingerprinting instruments in biotechnology

In vitro repeated replication of selected DNA components is

  1. Gene amplification

  2. Gene replication

  3. Gene synthesis

  4. Pleiotropy
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Gene amplification can occur in situ, forming a so-called homogeneously staining region (HSR) in the normal chromosomal location of the gene (many copies of the gene are present as tandem repeats) or as so-called double minute chromosomes (extra chromosomal fragments of DNA containing multiple copies of the amplified gene). Gene amplification can also occur as an artifact when tumor cells are cultured in vitro.

So, the correct answer is 'Gene amplification.'