Tag: adrenal glands

Questions Related to adrenal glands

Significant cause of 'adrenal virilism ' is :

zoology the endocrine system adrenal gland thymus and adrenal gland adrenal glands

  1. Hyposecretion of adreno-cortical androgens

  2. Hypersecretion of adreno-medullary androgens

  3. Hyposecretion of adreno-medullary androgens

  4. Hypersecretion of adreno-cortical androgens

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Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Adrenal virilism is a syndrome in which there is excess production of adrenal androgens. It is also called as adrenogenital syndrome. In this, there is hypersecretion of adrenocortical androgens. This is caused due to tumor of adrenal gland, called as adrenocortical carcinoma. It may also results from hyperplasia.

Thus, the correct answer is option D.

The main mineralocorticoid in human is

zoology the endocrine system adrenal gland thymus and adrenal gland adrenal glands

  1. aldosterone

  2. cortisol

  3. testosterone

  4. adrenaline

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Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Mineralocorticoids: These hormones are secreted by the outer region of the adrenal cortex. They regulate mineral metabolism.

A. Aldosterone: The major mineralocorticoid is aldosterone, commonly called salt-retaining hormone. It tends to increase the reabsorption of sodium from urine, saliva, bile and sweat to reduce its loss from the body.
B. Cortisol: It is a glucocorticoid.
C. Testosterone: It is a sexcorticoids.
So, the correct answer is 'Aldosterone'.

Which of the following option is correct for the secretion of the adrenal cortex?
(i)   Mineralocorticoids are secreted by Zona Fasciulata.
(ii)  Zona Glomerulosa regulates the balance of water and Na$^{+2}$.
(iii) Sex corticoids are secreted by both Zona Fasciculata and Zona Reticularis.
(iv) Zona Glomerulosa regulates carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism.

zoology the endocrine system adrenal gland thymus and adrenal gland adrenal glands

  1. (ii), (iii)

  2. (i), (iv)

  3. (ii), (iv)

  4. (i), (iii), (iv)

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Glucocorticoids are secreted by Zona fasciculata. Mineralocorticoids are secreted by the Zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex.Zona glomerulosa is the outermost layer of the adrenal cortex. The hormone regulates electrolyte balance. It regulates the balance of water and Na$^{+2}$ ions. Zona reticularis secretes androgens like dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and androstenedione. 

Thus, the correct answer is '(ii), (iii).'

In urinary system, aldosterone takes part in retention (reabsorption) of 

zoology the endocrine system adrenal gland thymus and adrenal gland adrenal glands

  1. $K^{+}$

  2. $Na^{+}$

  3. Water

  4. both (b) and (c)

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Aldosterone is the principle mineralocorticoid. It increases sodium (Na$^{+}$) and water resorption by the kidney in exchange for potassium or hydrogen. 

So, the correct option is 'both (b) and (c)'.

Where are the proximal and distal convoluted tubules located within the human body ? 

zoology the endocrine system adrenal gland thymus and adrenal gland adrenal glands

  1. Adrenal cortex

  2. Adrenal medulla

  3. Renal cortex

  4. Renal medulla

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Correct Option: C

The cork cambium, cork and secondary cortex are collectively?

zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination adrenal gland thymus and adrenal gland adrenal glands

  1. Phellem

  2. Phellodem

  3. Periblem

  4. Periderm

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Correct Option: A

RAAS secrete which of the following hormone

zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination adrenal gland thymus and adrenal gland adrenal glands

  1. Mineralocorticoids

  2. Glucocorticoids

  3. Both 1 and 2

  4. None of these

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Correct Option: A
Explanation:

RAAS stands for rennin- angiotensin- aldosterone system. It is a hormone system that regulates blood pressure and fluid balance in the body. When blood pressure is low, the juxtaglomerular cells in the kidney release renin, which convert the angiotensinogen into angiotensin I after that it changes into angiotensin Ii. Angiotensin II (mineralocorticoids)is a vasoconstrictor that increases the blood pressure. Aldosterone is released by the adrenal gland. It is a mineral corticoid. It increases the absorption from distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct of kidney's nephrons.

So, the correct answer is ' Mineralocorticoids'.

The endocrine gland present on the kidney is ..............

zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination adrenal gland thymus and adrenal gland adrenal glands

  1. Pituitary gland

  2. Thyroid gland

  3. Adrenal gland

  4. Pancreatic glands

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Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The endocrine gland present on the kidney is the Adrenal gland. The adrenal gland produces various type of hormones like adrenaline and the steroids aldosterone and the cortisol. Each gland has an outer cortex which produces steroid hormones and an inner medulla.

So the correct answer is "Adrenal gland".

Concentration of sodium and chloride ions is lowest

zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination adrenal gland thymus and adrenal gland adrenal glands

  1. Near the cortex

  2. Deep in medulla

  3. In interstitial fluid

  4. In middle of Henle's loop

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Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Osmolarity in the cortex region of the kidney is the lowest. Hence, the concentration of sodium and chloride ions is the lowest in the region near cortex.

So, the correct option is 'Near the cortex'.

Cortisol is a 

zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination adrenal gland thymus and adrenal gland adrenal glands

  1. Mineralocorticoid

  2. Glucocorticoid

  3. Catecholamines

  4. Thymosins

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Our body has one pair of adrenal glands, one at the anterior part of each kidney. The gland is composed of two types of tissues. The centrally located tissue is called the adrenal medulla, and outside this lies the adrenal cortex.
The adrenal cortex can be divided into three layers, called zona reticularis (inner layer), zona fasciculata (middle layer) and zona glomerulosa (outer layer). The adrenal cortex secretes many hormones, commonly called as corticoids. 
 The corticoids, which are involved in carbohydrate metabolism are called glucocorticoids. In our body, cortisol is the main glucocorticoid.

So, the correct option is 'Glucocorticoid'.