Tag: parts of the digestive system: structure and function

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Multiple choice biology food through digestive tract role of large intestine in digestion busy at work - our internal organs parts of the digestive system: structure and function

Which is the correct sequence of parts in human alimentary canal?

  1. Mouth---> stomach ---> small intestine ---> oesophagus ---> large intestine

  2. Mouth---> oesophagus ---> stomach---> large intestine ---> small intestine

  3. Mouth---> stomach ---> oesophagus ---> small intestine ---> large intestine

  4. Mouth---> oesophagus ---> stomach ---> small intestine ---> large intestine
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The digestive system starts with the mouth, followed by the food pipe or oesophagus that opens into the stomach. The stomach secretes acid and powerful enzymes that continue the process of breaking the food down into simpler substances. From there, food moves to the small intestine, which is made up of three segments, i.e., the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.

Enzymes released by the pancreas and bile from the liver are poured in here. The duodenum is largely responsible for the continuing breakdown process, with the jejunum and ileum being mainly responsible for the absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream. The colon (large intestine) is a five to the seven-foot long muscular tube that connects the small intestine to the rectum. It is made up of the cecum, the ascending (right) colon, the transverse (across) colon, the descending (left) colon and the sigmoid colon, which connects to the rectum. The large intestine is a highly specialized organ that is responsible for processing waste so that defecation (excretion of waste) is easy and convenient through the anus.
So, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice biology food through digestive tract role of large intestine in digestion busy at work - our internal organs parts of the digestive system: structure and function

The sigmoid colon is a part of :-

  1. large intestine

  2. small intestine

  3. pharynx

  4. rectum
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

  • The sigmoid colon is the part of the large intestine that is closest to the rectum and anus
  • It forms a loop that averages about 35-40 cm in length
  • The loop is typically shaped like a Greek letter sigma or Latin letter S
So, the correct answer is 'Large intestine'

Multiple choice biology food through digestive tract role of large intestine in digestion busy at work - our internal organs parts of the digestive system: structure and function

The large intestine in humans

  1. is connected to the stomach

  2. absorbs water

  3. is the longest part of the intestinal tract

  4. digests all types of food
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
 The major function of the large intestine is to absorb water from the remaining indigestible food matter and remove the waste material from the body
So, the correct answer is 'Absorb water'
Multiple choice biology food through digestive tract role of large intestine in digestion busy at work - our internal organs parts of the digestive system: structure and function

The bacteria live in the large intestine of human are

  1. Bifidobacterium

  2. Methanogens

  3. Lactobacillus

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

There are many bacteria that live in the large intestine of human. They live in symbiotic association. These are Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Methanogens, Bacteroids, Enterococcus, Escherichia coli. Lactobacillus help in digestion, maintaining the pH balance and replacing the healthy bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract. It acts as a probiotic. Bifidobacterium is also a probiotic. It helps in metabolism of undigested carbohydrates. It also prevents pathogen colonization. Methanogen helps in the fermentation of organic matter to obtain energy. They help in breakdown of complex indigestible carbohydrates. Bacteroids helps in amino acid biosynthesis. Enterococcus helps in digestion of undigested carbohydrates and fibres.

Thus, the correct answer is 'All of the above.'

Multiple choice biology food through digestive tract role of large intestine in digestion busy at work - our internal organs parts of the digestive system: structure and function

Fermentation chamber of herbivores is

  1. Gall bladder

  2. Pancreas

  3. Liver

  4. Caecum
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

In herbivores, the caecum stores food material where bacteria are able to break down the cellulose. This function no longer occurs in the human caecum, so in humans it is simply a dead-end pouch forming a part of the large intestine.

Multiple choice biology food through digestive tract role of large intestine in digestion busy at work - our internal organs parts of the digestive system: structure and function

The part of alimentary canal that absorbs maximum amount of water and minerals is 

  1. Small intestine

  2. Large intestine

  3. Stomach

  4. Oesophagus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The major function of the large intestine is to absorb water from the remaining indigestible food matter and transmit the useless waste material from the body.

Multiple choice biology food through digestive tract role of large intestine in digestion busy at work - our internal organs parts of the digestive system: structure and function

Examination of large intestine for diseases is done by

  1. Colonoscopy

  2. Endoscopy

  3. MRI

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Colonoscopy is the endoscopic examination of the large intestine and the distal part of the small bowel with a CCD camera or a fibre optic camera on a flexible tube passed through the anus. It can provide a visual diagnosis and grants the opportunity for biopsy or removal of suspected colorectal cancer lesions. 

Multiple choice biology food through digestive tract role of large intestine in digestion busy at work - our internal organs parts of the digestive system: structure and function

Apart from water what is secreted by the large intestine?

  1. K+

  2. Na+

  3. Cl-

  4. Both A and C
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The large intestine also secretes K+ and Cl-. Chloride secretion increases in cystic fibrosis. Recycling of various nutrients takes place in colon. Examples include fermentation of carbohydrates, short chain fatty acids and urea cycling. 

Multiple choice biology food through digestive tract role of large intestine in digestion busy at work - our internal organs parts of the digestive system: structure and function

Goblet cells are abundant in

  1. Large intestine

  2. Small intestine

  3. Ileum

  4. Stomach
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The wall of the large intestine is lined with simple columnar epithelium. Instead of having the evaginations of the small intestine (villi), the large intestine has invaginations (the intestinal glands). While both the small intestine and the large intestine have goblet cells, they are abundant in the large intestine. 

Multiple choice bio-chemistry food through digestive tract absorption of food absorption parts of the digestive system: structure and function

Food  is largely absorbed in 

  1. Stomach

  2. Oesophagus

  3. Small intestine

  4. Colon
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
Stomach - It is a hotbed of digestive activity, but virtually nothing (except alcohol) is absorbed there. 
Oesophagus - Nothing is absorbed in the oesophagus.  The esophagus is a tube that connects the throat and the stomach. If the mouth is the gateway to the body, then the esophagus is a highway for food and drink to travel along to make it to the stomach. 

Small Intestine - It is the site of virtually all nutrient absorption, including proteins, carbohydrates, fats and water, as well as vitamins and minerals.

Colon - It extracts water and salt from solid wastes before they are eliminated from the body and is the site in which flora-aided (largely bacterial) fermentation of unabsorbed material occurs. Unlike the small intestine, the colon does not play a major role in absorption of foods and nutrients.
So. the correct option is 'Stomach'.