Tag: parts of the digestive system: structure and function

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Multiple choice bio-chemistry food through digestive tract absorption of food absorption parts of the digestive system: structure and function

Absorption is defined as

  1. elimination of solid waste from the digestive system

  2. breakdown of foods by enzymatic action

  3. passage of nutrients from the gastrointestinal tract into the blood stream

  4. mechanical breakdown of fat
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

  • Absorption is the process by which the products of digestion are absorbed by the blood to be supplied to the rest of the body. 
  • During absorption, the digested products are transported into the blood or lymph through the mucous membrane. Hence, Absorption is defined as the passage of nutrients from the gastrointestinal tract into the bloodstream.
So, the correct answer is 'passage of nutrients from the gastrointestinal tract into the bloodstream'.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry food through digestive tract absorption of food absorption parts of the digestive system: structure and function

Most of the absorption of the products of digestion takes place in humans across the

  1. smooth wall of the large intestine

  2. fingerlike villi of the small intestine

  3. convoluted walls of the stomach

  4. squamous epithelium of the oesophagus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
  • The innermost layer lining the lumen of the alimentary canal is the mucosa. This layer forms irregular folds (rugae) in the stomach and small finger-like foldings called villi in the small intestine. 
  • The cells lining the villi produce numerous microscopic projections called microvilli giving a brush border appearance. These modifications increase the surface area enormously. 
  • Villi are supplied with a network of capillaries and a large lymph vessel called the lacteal. Hence, Most of the absorption of the products of digestion takes place in humans across the fingerlike villi of the small intestine
So, the correct answer is 'fingerlike villi of the small intestine'.
Multiple choice bio-chemistry digestive system of human absorption of food absorption parts of the digestive system: structure and function

$30\%$ starch is hydrolysed in Buccal cavity by which of the following enzymes?

  1. Pancreatic $\alpha$ -amylase

  2. Lipase

  3. Maltase

  4. Salivary amylase
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Salivary glands in your mouth (Buccal cavity) make salivary amylase, which begins the digestive process by breaking down starch when you chew your food, converting it into maltose, a smaller carbohydrate.

So the correct option is D, salivary amylase.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry digestion absorption of food absorption parts of the digestive system: structure and function

Which of the following stimulates the secretion of gastric juice?

  1. Gastrin

  2. Enterogastrone

  3. Secretin

  4. Hepatocrinin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Gastrin is a peptide hormone, that stimulates secretion of gastric acid ($HCl$) by the parietal cells of the stomach and aids in gastric motility. It is released by G cells in the pyloric antrum of the stomach, duodenum and the pancreas.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry digestion absorption of food absorption parts of the digestive system: structure and function

The gastrointestinal hormone, which stimulates insulin secretion is 

  1. Gastrin

  2. CCK

  3. Secretin

  4. GIP
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), also known as the glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide. The function of GIP is to induce insulin secretion, which is stimulated primarily by hyper osmolarity of glucose in the duodenum.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry digestion absorption of food absorption parts of the digestive system: structure and function

Secretion of gastric juice is controlled by

  1. Gastrin

  2. Cholecystokinin

  3. Enterogastrone

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

As food enters the confined space of the stomach, it starts applying pressure to the stomach wall distending it a bit. This distention causes the stomach to release gastrin, which stimulates the gastric glands to secrete more gastric juice.